Preanesthetic drugs

Question 1

What is anesthesia?

Answer 1

Anesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes “Loss of sensation”

Question 2

What is anesthesia used for in veterinary practices?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are other the other diverse uses for anesthesia?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the levels of consciousness?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is local anesthesia?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is regional anesthesia?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is general anesthesia?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is sedation?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are factors that can influence anesthesia choices?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the stages of anesthesia?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the odds/ risk level of anesthetic death in dogs?

Answer 11

1 in 900

Question 12

What should you have the owner do prior to an anesthetic event in order to keep risks low? and Why?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are some of the causes of animals reaching a dangerous plane of anesthesia?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is an anesthetic?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is an adjunct?

Answer 15

Question 16

When are preanesthetic medications drugs given? What are they used for?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the routes of administration for preanesthetic medications?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the effects of preanesthetic medications and adjuncts?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the functions of opioids?

Answer 19

provide analgesia

Question 20

What are the function of tranquilizers?

Answer 20

provide pre-operative sedation and amnesia
and help to prevent or counteract the CNS
stimulation caused by some anesthetics

Question 21

What are the function of central muscle relaxants?

Answer 21

provide muscle relaxation during anesthesia

Question 22

What are the function of anticholinergic agents?

Answer 22

prevent profuse salivation and bradycardia

Question 23

What are the combinations of preanesthetics given

Answer 23

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE: Anesthetics work as both anesthetic and analgesic which is why they are preferred.

Answer 24

FALSE- Patient will feel pain after surgery if we don’t give anesthetics with analgesics

Question 25

What are opioids commonly used for?

Answer 25

Question 26

Morphine is _____, effective ______ for most small animal patients * Effective for ____ and _____ pain * Added benefit of being a good _________ for dogs

Answer 26

Morphine is safe, effective analgesic for most small animal patients * Effective for mild and severe pain * Added benefit of being a good sedative for dogs

Question 27

Butorphanol acts on what receptors? What does it do?

Answer 27

Question 28

What kind of drugs are used for preanesthetics in terms of how they act on receptors?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is a tranquilizer? What is the most common used in dogs, cats and horses?

Answer 29

Question 30

What are the uses for acepromazine?

Answer 30

An oral sedative before stressful events (such as thunderstorms) * To treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plain rides * Pre-anesthetic sedation * Decrease dose of general anesthetic * Not a pain reliever * May be used with opioids for minor procedures * Approved for horses, dogs, and cats

Question 31

What are the benefits of acepromazine when used correctly? What is important to remember about its distribution/ how its metabolized? How is it administered

Answer 31

Question 32

What is important about the potency and duration of acepromazine? When should we be cautious with use? What is the treatment of overdose?

Answer 32

Question 33

What is important to remember about MDR1 mutation when using acepromazine?

Answer 33

Question 34

What are the pharmacologic effects of acepromazine?

Answer 34

Question 35

What are the adverse effects for acepromazine?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is a side effect that is characteristic for acepromazine in horses and large animals?

Answer 36

* Penile prolapse seen in horses and other large animals may lead to permanent injury

Question 37

What is Neuroleptanalgesia?

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the opioids and tranquilizers that can be used for neuroleptanalgesia? When would you use this kind of sedation? What receptors does each act on?

Answer 38

Uses: when you don’t want to do General Anesthesia (GA) * Sedation for minor procedures * Induction of general anesthesia: in dogs (not used often)

Question 39

What is the combination of neuroleptanalgesia that can be used?

Answer 39

Question 40

What are benzodiazepines? What are the preanesthetic benzodiazepines?

Answer 40

Question 41

What is the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 41

Question 42

What is important to remember about diazepam and its interactions with other drugs? What about its administration?

Answer 42

Question 43

What are the adverse effects of diazepam?

Answer 43

Question 44

What is midazolam? How can it be administered? What animals is it good for? What is a good combination with midazolam to use in dogs, small mammals, and birds?

Answer 44

Question 45

What is zolazepam? Who is it used in? What is it available as?

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46