Preanesthetic medications and induction agents Flashcards
(56 cards)
What classes of drugs would you use to achieve analgesia?
Anticholinergic?
Neuroleptics?
Analgesia: Opioids, dissociatives, NSAIDs
Anticholinergic: atropine and glycopyrrolate
Neuroleptics: phenothiazines, alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines
Opioids are good for what?
Analgesia
mild sedation when used alone
mild CV effects
Decrease the MAC of inhalant
What are the opioid drugs we discussed?
Butorphanol Buprenorphine Hydromorphone Oxymorphone Morphine Methadone Fentanyl
What is the mechanism of action for Butorphanol?
kappa agonist, mu antagonist
Ceiling effect, mild sedation and analgesia
How is butorphanol used in dogs/cats/horses/ruminants
Dogs: alone or with a sedative for non or mildly painful procedures
Horse: with alpha-2 agonist for pre-med
ruminants: During or after induction for large;
Small: with benzo as pre-med
What is the mechanism of action for buprenorphine and what does it do?
Partial mu agonist; little sedation and mild-moderate analgesia
When would you NOT use buprenorphine?
As pre-med for a painful procedure; very sticky for mu receptor and is difficult to reverse
T/F The animal dose for Buprenorphine is very small
TRUE; .01 - .04 mg/kg
What are the full mu agonists?
hydromorphone, morphine, oxymorphone, methadone, and fentanyl
Used for moderate to severe pain
What full mu agonist is also a NMDA antagonist?
Methadone
T/F All of the opioids have a ceiling effect
FALSE; The full mu agonists do not have a ceiling effect
What is unique about the administration of Fentanyl?
It requires an IV catheter and constant rate infusion
When would you use Fentanyl?
As an induction agent in critically ill Small animal patients
What are some sedatives/tranquilizers?
Acepromazine, benzodiazepines, alpha-2 agonists, and dissociatives
What is the reversal agent for Acepromazine?
There is no reversal agent
What effects does Acepromazine have? Any analgesic effects?
More profound/reliable sedation than benzodiazepine; Also significant MAC sparing drug
NO analgesic effects
T/F Acepromazine can cause seizures
FALSE
Dexmedetomidine is classified as a:
alpha-2 agonist
Dexmedetomidine works as a:
Potent sedative and analgesia
Dexmedetomidine should be reserved for use in what kind of patients?
healthy or very painful, fearful, or aggressive patients
What are the reversal agents for Xylazine, Detomidine, and Romifidine/
yohimbine and tolazoline
Diazepam and midazolam are classified as what?
Benzodiazepines
T/F Diazepam and Midazolam are the sedatives of choice for young, healthy dogs and cats
FALSE
What kinds of patients see more profound sedation with Diazepam and Midazolam?
pediatric, geriatric, or critical patients
