Precision Nutrition Chapter 7 Flashcards
Reproductive System
This system controls reproduction as well as sexual development. It includes the sex organs and glands.
Urinary System
This system produces, stores, and eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products, and helps control pH. It includes our kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and related organs and glands.
Digestive System
This system breaks down and absorbs nutrients. It includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other organs associated with digestion including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and bile duct.
Respiratory System
This system brings in oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide, and helps regulate pH in the body. It includes our nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and other airways and gas exchange organs.
Lymphatic System
This system drains tissue fluid (lymph) and brings it back to the heart. It slows down the spread of infection and even some cancers, and it also transports absorbed fats from the intestine. It includes the lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes.
Immune System
This system protects against pathogens, tumor cells, and other foreign invaders. It includes our thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and other similar organs and special white blood cells (leukocytes)
Circulatory System
This system distributes water, electrolytes, oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes and collects carbon dioxide and other byproducts throughout the body. It helps to hydrate and regulate temperature and pH. It includes our heart, blood and blood vessles.
Endocrine System
This is another communication system. It includes our hormonal organs and glands, including the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries, and more.
Nervous System
This system receives input from the environment through specialized sensory organs (like the eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin, stretch and pain receptors in muscles, etc.), synthesizes the information, and sends our electrochemical signals that trigger thoughts, emotions, and purposeful movement as well as involuntary activity (such as breathing). It includes the brain and spinal cord as well as a vast network of nerves and supporting structures including sensory organs like eyes.
Muscular System
This system moves us - whether it’s to move us across the room, to move blood through our blood vessels, or to move food through our intestines. This system includes our skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles. It also helps to keep us warm.
Skeletal System
This system, which includes our bones, ligaments, cartilage, and other structures, gives the body a rigid scaffold so that it can move and hold itself up. It also protects other tissues, produces blood cells, and stores minerals (calcium and potassium mostly) and some fat.
Integumentary System
This system protects the body from outside damage and infection, from fluid loss and controls body temperature. It includes your skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and other external structures. It has a surface area of about 20 square feet, which explains why we can lose so much fluid in the form of sweat.
Organisms
As organisms, we’re self-contained living systems. Our body can reproduce, replace, and repair themselves, all to stay alive and to maintain homeostasis.
Ecosystems
Dynamic, interactive, interconnected networks of living things and the physical environment.
Bodies are Systems within Systems.
1) Ecosystem
2) Organisms
3) Organ Systems
4) Organs
5) Tissues
6) Cells
7) Organelles
8) Molecules
Homeostasis
The state of balanced function in the body.
Organ System
A group of organs coordinated around a specific function.
