Precursors to Modern Art Flashcards
(48 cards)
Age of Enlightenment
(1750-1789) Intellectual, social, and political change. Science gains influence and religions and monarchies lose it.
Age of Positivism
(1848-1885) Realism returns to society and visual art. Beauty is before one’s eyes.
Neoclassicism
(1750s) Images and themes from ancient Greece, Rome, mythology, and later, Egyptology.
Romanticism
(1789-1848 France) Emotion, drama, and the sublime.
French Realism
(1850 France) Visual accuracy.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
(1848 UK) Mimetic, with themes from nature, literature, and history.
Impressionism
(1872 France) Unmixed dabs of unblended paint (little or no black) to recreate the sensory experience of reflected light.
Post-Impressionism
(1800s-1905 France) Separate groups united by the rejection of Impressionism.
Synthetism
The outward appearance of a subject, plus the artist’s feeling toward that subject with purity of color, line, and form.
Neo-Impressionism
A rejection of Impressionism based on combining the real, ideal, fugitive, and scientific.
Cloisonism/Japonaiserie
(1888) Bright colors outlined (usually) in black.
Symbolism
Death, angels, the supernatural, a desire to leave the earthly plane.
Primitivism/Naive Art
(1891?) Primitive subject matter and naive (untrained) artists.
Arts & Crafts
(1860s)
Art Nouveau
(1890-1910 France/International) Flora, female forms.
The Death of Socrates
- Jacques Louis-David
- 1787
- France
- Neoclassicism
- Contextualism: Socrates has been charged with impiety and the corruption of youth, so he commits suicide.
- Horizontally arranged, medium-deep, good value pattern
Watson and the Shark
- John Singleton Copley
- 1778
- US
- American Romanticism
- Biographical: A 14-year-old cabin boy (Brooke Watson) loses a leg in Cuban waters.
- Triangular arrangement, deep, good value pattern
Arrangement in Black and Gray
- James Abbott Mac Neil Whistler
- 1871
- US
- American Realism
- Contextualism: This is a traditional art piece that is simply what it is. It fits inside the box of realism, which was the art movement at the time.
- Weak triangle arrangement, shallow-medium depth, good value pattern
Ophelia
- John Everett Millais
- 1852
- UK
- Pre-Raphaelite Art
- Contextualism: An imagined scene from the play Hamlet after Ophelia’s boyfriend goes mad and accidentally kills her father.
- Vertically arranged, medium-deep, good value pattern
Impression, Sunrise
- Claude Monet
- 1872
- France
- Impressionism
- Contextualism: Critics used impressionism as a derogatory term, but artists such as Monet liked the term and coined it as their own.
- Loose triangle arrangement, deep, good value pattern
1440 (Technological Development)
Johannes Gutenberg (Germany) invents movable type. By 1753, 20,000 newspapers are sold each day in England.
1770 (Technological Development)
Joseph Priestly (UK) invents the eraser.
1800 (Technological Development)
Humphrey Davy (UK) invents the electric light.
1825 (Technological Development)
The formula for Portland cement is developed (UK).
