prefinal

Question 1

Developed in the 1950’s due to the failure of free TB health screening program

Answer 1

Health Belief Model

Question 2

Who developed the HBM Model

Answer 2

Psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels

Question 3

It is used to guide health promotion and disease prevention programs

Answer 3

Health Belief Model

Question 4

subjective perception of the risk of acquiring a disease

Answer 4

Perceived susceptibility

Question 5

seriousness of the disease (death, disability, family life, relationships)

Answer 5

Perceived severity

Question 5

obstacles in performing the recommended health action

Answer 5

Perceived barriers

Question 6

Perception of the effectiveness of a health actions to prevent or cure disease

Answer 6

Perceived benefits

Question 7

stimulus needed to accept recommended health action

Answer 7

Cue to action

Question 8

ability to successfully perform a behavior

Answer 8

Self-efficacy

Question 9

Developed in 1970’s

Answer 9

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

Question 10

Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is also known as the

Answer 10

Stages of Change Model

Question 11

• Focuses on the decision making of individuals
• Explains individual’s readiness to change their behavior

Answer 11

Transtheoretical Model

Question 12

• Provide suggested therapies/strategies for public health interventions

Answer 12

TTM

Question 13

no intention of taking action

Answer 13

Pre-contemplation

Question 14

there are future intentions to take action and a plan to do so in the future

Answer 14

Contemplation

Question 15

ready to take action

Answer 15

Preparation (Determination)

Question 16

behavior has been changed for a short period of time

Answer 16

Action

Question 17

• behavior has been changed continues for a long period of time

Answer 17

Maintenance

Question 18

• no desire to returning to prior negative behavior

Answer 18

Termination

Question 19

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM)-also known as the Stages of Change Model-was developed by __ in the late 1970s.

Answer 19

Prochaska and DiClemente

Question 20

It describes how people intentionally change behavior, particularly addictive or health-risk behaviors, by moving through a series of stages over time. The model integrates principles from various theories of psychotherapy and behavior change.

Answer 20

TTM

Question 21

• Person is not yet considering change or is unaware that their behavior is problematic.
•They may feel hopeless or resistant.

Answer 21

Pre-contemplation

Question 22

• Person is aware of the problem and is considering making a change, but hasn’t committed yet.

Answer 22

Contemplation

Question 23

• Ambivalence is common in this stage.

Answer 23

Contemplation

Question 24

• Person intends to take action soon and may begin taking small steps toward behavior change. •They may set a date or gather resources.

Answer 24

Preparation

Question 25

Person is actively changing behavior and adopting new, healthier routines. This stage usually lasts up to 6 months.

Answer 25

Action

Question 26

Person has sustained the new behavior for more than 6 months. Focus is on preventing relapse and consolidating gains.

Answer 26

Maintenance

Question 27

The person has zero temptation and full confidence in maintaining the change long-term.

Answer 27

Termination

Question 28

Not everyone reaches this stage, especially with lifelong challenges.

Answer 28

Termination

Question 29

Returning to old behaviors is common; people can re-enter the cycle at any stage.

Answer 29

Relapse

Question 30

Strategies used to move from one stage to the next (e.g., consciousness-raising, self-reevaluation).

Answer 30

Processes of Change

Question 31

Weighing pros and cons of changing behavior.

Answer 31

Decisional Balance

Question 32

Confidence in one's ability to maintain change.

Answer 32

Self-efficacy

Question 33

Why TTM Is Useful:

Answer 33

• It recognizes that behavior change is a process, not a single event, and it allows interventions to be tailored based on where someone is in that process.

Question 34

perceived susceptibility must be evidence-based