PREGNANCY Flashcards
For the Win (185 cards)
1
Q
Another term for pregnancy
A
Gravidity/ gestations
2
Q
Perfect place for pregnancy to take place
A
Uterus
3
Q
Average weeks for pregnancy
A
40 weeks
4
Q
Range of Pregnancy
A
38 - 42 weeks
5
Q
Do Doctors, Nurses and Midwives use the 9 calendar months for pregnancy dates?
A
No
6
Q
What type of calendar do Doctors, Nurses and Midwived use to determine a pregnant woman’s due date?
A
10 Lunar months
7
Q
1 lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?
A
4 weeks
8
Q
How many percent of blood flow to the uterus in a person who’s pregnant?
A
20-40%
9
Q
is the Uterus Expandable?
A
yes
10
Q
expulsion of fetus + placenta
A
Labor/Delivery/ Parity
11
Q
What supplies blood to the Fetus?
A
Placenta
12
Q
How is cervical dilation done?
A
through uterine contraction
13
Q
Cervix can open upto how many centimeters?
A
10cm
14
Q
3 phases of cervical dilation
A
Latent Phase
Active Phase
Transitional Phase
15
Q
Stages of Labor/ Delivery
A
Cervical dilation stage
Fetal Expulsion/delivery stage
Pacental delivery stage
Recovery stage
16
Q
How many centimeters are dilated in the Latent phase?
A
0-3cm
17
Q
How many centimeters are dilated in the Active phase?
A
4-7cm
18
Q
How many centimeters are dilated in the Transitional phase?
A
8-10cm
19
Q
How strong are the contractions in the latent phase?
A
Mild
20
Q
How strong are the contractions in the active phase?
A
Moderate
21
Q
How strong are the contractions in the Transitional phase?
A
Strong
22
Q
How many hours does it take a nullipara dilate 0-3cm in the latent phase?
A
8 to 20 hours
23
Q
How many hours does it take a multipara dilate 0-3cm in the latent phase?
A
5-14 hours
24
Q
How many hours does it take a nullipara dilate in the active phase?
A
1-2cm/hour
25
How many hours does it take a multipara dilate in the active phase?
1cm/hour
26
The transitional phase is the most _____________ but the ______________.
most painful
but shortest in time
27
What stage of labor/delivery when the mother is asked to "bear down with contraction/ urge to push"?
Fetal Delivery Stage
28
How many hours will a nulliparous woman deliver her baby?
1-2 hours
29
How many hours will a multiparous woman deliver her baby?
30 minutes to 1 hour
30
Average and maximum minutes of a nulliparous woman to deliver the placenta?
Average: 5 to 15 minutes
Maximum: 30 minutes
31
During the Placental delivery, what should the nurse watch out for?
Uterus Inversion
(3rd stage missed manage ang delivery)
32
What should the nurse report regarding the placental delivery?
When the expulsion exceeds the 30-minute time. Report to Physician already
33
Signs of Placental Preparation
LUVS
Lengthening Cord
Uterus Firm
Visible in Vagina
Sudden gush of blood
34
Medical term for Firm uterus (grape-fruit like)
Calkin's sign
35
Active Management 3rd Stage
Controlled Cord Traction
Oxytocin
Early Cord Clamping
Recovery Stage (other books)
36
Other term for Controlled Cord Traction
Brandt Andrew Maneuver Technique
37
Oxytocin causes:
Increasing contractions
Release of milk from the breast after birth
38
What does oxytocin prevent?
Prevent bleeding
39
Early Cord Clamping prevents:
prevent postpartum hemorrhage
40
During the recovery stage of labor and delivery, what should the nurse monitor?
Monitor hemorrhage >500ml / 1000ml in 24 hrs
41
During the recovery stage of labor and delivery, the nurse is correct if she stated the normal hemorrhage amount?
a. 300 - 400 ml
b. 400 - 500 ml
c. 350 - 450 ml
d. 200- 400 ml
a. 300 - 400 ml
42
How many signs of placental delivery are there?
4
43
How should the nurse monitor the amount of hemorrhage?
Weigh the pad used
44
How many weeks is the postpartum phase?
6 weeks afer delivery
45
Return of uterus and vagina to their pre-pregnancy state is called
Involution
46
Signs and Responsibility of Involution
C – Contraction “after pains”
A – Ambulation
N – Nutrition
47
How many weeks should the patient come back for a follow-up check- up when she is experiencing subinvolution?
3-4 weeks
48
Uterus does not return to its normal size
Subinvolution
49
Female's cells, gonads and hormones?
Cell: Eggs
Gonads: Ovaries
Hormone: Estrogen
50
Male's cells, gonads and hormones?
Cell: Sperm
Gonads: Testis
Hormone: Testosterone
51
Possible number of eggcells produced by Fetus, Birth, 7yo, 22yo, Menopause:
Fetus - 5M
Birth – 2M
7y/o – 500k
22y/o – 300k
Menopause - 0
52
What does the sperm cells need to be able to impregnate a woman?
Sperm maturity
53
Average sperm count per ejaculation
400M/ ejaculate
54
Average sperm count per mL
20 to 200M sperms (per ml)
55
Average amount of fluid discharge when ejaculating
2.5mL
56
Other term of Menstrual Cycle
Ovarian Cycle
57
Average number of days for menstrual cycle
28 days
(Range: 23-35 days)
58
Amount of blood produced during menstruation
30-80mL
59
1st Menstruation is called:
Menarche
60
Age range to have menarche
9-16 years old
61
Average age to have menarche
12 years old and 4 months
62
What releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH)?
Hypothalamus
63
GNRH stands for
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
64
Anterior Pituitary Gland releases
Follicle-stimulating hormone
65
FSH stands for
Follicle-stimulating hormone
66
When Follicles become yellow, what's it called?
Corpus Luteum
67
Hormone of pregnancy
Progesterone
68
Why is progesterone needed?
- Thicker lining
- Thicker mucus
- Intact lining
- Relaxes uterus
69
What hormone makes the lining of the uterus thicker and what hormone maintains it?
Estrogen makes the lining,
Progesterone maintains it
70
Ovarian Cycle Phases
Proliferation Phase
Ovulation Phase
Luteal Phase
Ischemic Phase
Menstrual Phase
71
Other term for Luteal phase
Progesteronic/ secretory phase
72
How many days is Ischemic phase
1-3 days
73
How many days is menstrual phase?
3-5 days or 2-9 days
74
Other term for Fertilization
Conception/ impregnation
75
union of egg and perm
Fertilization
76
Mature female reproductive cell
Ovum
77
Fertilized ovum
Zygote
78
Cell division
Mitosis
79
Murlberry
Morulla
80
Ready to implat
Blastocyst
81
Embed implanted (8-10 days)
Embryo
82
How many days for a blastocyst to be implanted?
8-10 days
83
Organ development complete
Organogenesis
84
Organogenesis completed (8 weeks)
Fetus
85
How many days is the Luteal phase
10 days
86
How many days if ovulation
14 days
87
First trimester is how many weeks / how many lunar months
12-14 weeks
1-3 lunar months
88
First Lunar Month
F: Four weeks AOG
I: Implanted (50%) “Embryo”
R: Rudimentary Heart (There’s a heart beat but cant hear)
S: Spinal cord: Fusion: Folic Acid (vit B): Risk for NTD
T: Three Germ Layers
89
first lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?
Four weeks AOG
90
Embryo implanted how many percent?
50%
91
There’s a heart beat but cant hear it, what's it called?
Rudimentary heart
92
Spinal Cord Fusion needs what vitamin
Vitamin B9: Folic Acid
93
Spinal Cord fusion is risk for?
Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
94
What are the 3 germ layers?
Outside: Ectoderm
Middle: Mesoderm
Inside: Endoderm
95
ECTOderm development in the first lunar month
E- Eys, ears, nose
C- CNS
T- Touch (skin, hair, nails)
O- Opening of the body
96
MESOderm development in the first lunar month
M- Muscular system/muscles
E- Enamel of teeth
S- Skeletal system
O- Organs “circulatory, upper urinary, reproductive”
97
ENDOderm development in the first lunar month
L- Lover urinary system
L-Linings (all)
L- lalamunang may TT-TT (throat, tonsils, thyroid, thymus, trachea)
L- lungs
98
FIRST Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
4 weeks
99
SECOND Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
8 weeks
100
THIRD Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
12 weeks
101
FOURTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
16 weeks
102
FIFTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
20 weeks
103
SIXTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
24 weeks
104
SEVENTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
28 weeks
105
EIGHTH Lunar month equivalent to how many weeks?
32 weeks
106
NINTH lunar monthequivalent to how many weeks?
36 weeks
107
TENTH lunar month is equivalent to how many weeks?
average:
Term:
Early term:
Late term:
Post term:
average: 40 weeks
Term: 38-42 weeks
Early term: 37-38 weeks
Late term: 41-42 weeks
Post term: more than 42 weeks
108
SECOND lunar month manifestations
S- Sac(membrane)
E- Extremities
C- Contraction of Heart
O- Organogenesis completed: Fetus
N- Noticeable face
D- Digestive System: Amniotic fluid (swallows)
109
First functioning organ
Heart
110
THIRD lunar month manifestations
T- Toothbuds/ bone ossifies
H- Hear heart sound
I- Ihi formed
R- Reflex
D- Doppler
111
What do the toothbuds and bones need to be ossified
Calcium 1g/day
112
what do fetus drink?
Amniotic fluid
113
Does a fetus urinate during the third lunar month?
No, urine i only formed but not expelled
114
FOUR Lunar Month Manifestations
F- Fetoscope / Fine downy hair
O- Ordinary Stethoscope
U- Urinates
R- Reveal Gender
115
What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary stethoscope?
5 months
116
At 36 weeks, lanugo will
decrease
116
how many amniotic fluid will be aspirated?
20mL
117
What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary doppler?
3 months
117
What lunar month are we able to hear a fetal heart rate using just an ordinary Fetoscope?
4 months
117
FIVE Lunar Months manifestations
F- Fetal movements felt -- Quickening.
I- IgG transfer
T- Vernix Caseosa: White cheese like in skin
F- Vernix Caseosa
118
FIVE Lunar Months, survival rate
5 - 10%
119
Fetal movement felt when?
Ealiest - Para: 18-20 wks,
Multi: 16 wks
119
SIX “the special” Lunar Month Manifestations
S - Scalp hair
S - Sound
S - Surfactant
S - Survival
120
Protect the skin and Produce heat -delay bathing
Vernix caseosa
121
Post term, what happens to vernix caseosa?
desquamates
122
When will a fetus hear a sound from the outside world?
6th lunar month (24 weeks)
123
What produces surfactant?
Lungs
124
Surfactant prevents?
Alveolar collapse
125
What week should a surfactant be enough for Term
38 weeks
126
If preterm and the baby lack surfactant, what will be the risk?
Risk for Respiratory distress syndrome
127
Age of Viability, ideal weight
20-24 weeks, 500g
128
SEVEN Lunar Month manifestations
S - Scrotum
E - Eyes delicate
V - Vessels in retina forming
E - Eye blinking peaks
N - Ninety % survival rate
129
On the 7th lunar month, if the scrotum is still undescended, what's it called?
cryptoorchidism
130
On the 7th lunar month, if the scrotum is still undescended,and what's its risk?
Risk for Testicular Cancer
131
increase o2 concentration at the 7th lunar month causes
blindness
132
EIGHT Lunar Month Manifestations
E – Extends when startled: MORO
I – Iron stores in liver
G- Growth faster
H- Hermit – face disappears
T- Tips of nails
133
Iron stored in the liver can be used upto how many months?
6 months
134
Hermit face is also called the
Old-man's face
135
NINTH Lunar Month Manifestations
N- Near term
I- Increased fats
N- Near 100% survival
T- Turn around
H- Head down: Cephalic presentation
136
TEN Lunar Month Manifestations
T- Term: 38 – 42 weeks
E- Engaged: decrease of fetus entering the pelvic intet “ischial spine”
N- Nearing Birth
137
What does the mother need when she is near to give birth?
Name
Nappies (things)
Nest-Building
Natal preparation (for cooperation): “Birthplan” (wishes)
Safety
Flexible
138
Fetal heart rate
110-160 bpm
139
MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES/ SIGNS
Presumptive Signs
Probable Signs
Positive Signs
140
preSUmptive is
Subjective
Complained by the patient
141
Presumptive signs and symptoms
P-Pain
R- Respiratory Changes
E- Enlarged breast
S- Skin Changes
U- Urinary Frequency
M- Morning Sickness/ Menses
P- Palmar Erythema
T- Tiredness
I- Increase Salivation
V- Vaginal Changes/ Varicose veins
E- Enlargement of uterus and abdomen
142
Is the following Normal or abnormal headache:
*Mild, occassional, migraine/ new onset
Normal headache
143
Is the following Normal or abnormal headache:
* Severe, continuous, Unrelieved by paracetamol, visual changes
Abnormal Headache (increased hypertension)
144
What kind of visual changes are under the abnormal headache
Blurring and Floaters
145
Heart burn is also known as
Pyrosis
146
Causes of Heartburn
Sphincter Relaxed
Stomach increased HCI Acid (+ flatulence)
Stomach pushed upward by enlarged uterus
147
Management for heartburn
Small, Frequent, feeding
Slow chewing
Should wait 2-3hrs before lying down
Side: Left
Support pillow: 2
148
True or False:
Client with heartburn will have a modification on their diet: small frequent feeding
True
149
True or False:
Hueartburn clients can lie down immediately after meal
False
(should wait 2-3 hours before lying down)
150
Where will the client with heartburn position herself when lying down
Left side
151
How many pillow support
2
152
What should the client with heartburn avoid?
Alkaseltzer
Baking Soda
Tomato
Fatty
Citrus/Caffeine/Cabbage/Cola
153
What medications are allowed to a client with heartburn, take?
Magnesium Hydroxide
H2 blockers “-tidine”
Aluminum Hydroxide “Maalox”
154
Pride of pregnancy
Lordosis
155
Cause of backpain
Progesterone and relax
Softens the pelvic joints
156
True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to stand straight?
True
157
True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to support pillow in the front when sitting?
False
(it should be in the back)
158
True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to do squats?
True
159
True or False:
Should we encourage a pregnant woman to wear high heeled shoes?
False
(shoes should be low)
160
What excercise should the client do?
Pelvic Rock
161
Pelvic Rock is for? and to strengthen what?
For lower back pain
Strengthen Lumbar Spine
162
Cause of leg cramps
Decrease Calcium
Increase Phosphorus
163
Prevention of Leg cramps
Calcium 1g/day
Magnesium citrate/Lactate BID
164
Abnormal clot is caused by
Uterine Pressure
165
how to prevent clot formation
Good circulation
166
How to assess clot formation?
* + Homan Sign
* + pain, red, warm, swelling (Fever: thrombophlebitis)
167
dorsiflex, extended knee, if + pain in calf
Homan's sign
168
If Long term, what should the client do about her leg cramps?
Ambulate
Elevate
Hydrate
Elastic stockings
169
Assist client with eg cramps to ambulate every ___________________.
every 2hrs x 20 mins
170
When to put Elastic Stockings/ Pantyhose?
Before getting out of bed
If ambulated, lie down 30 mins
171
Hot or cold compress for leg cramps?
Cold compress
172
The new nurse is about to massage the embolism, you as the headnurse saw the new nurse, what will you do?
Educate the new nurse that a clot might loosen and travel to the brain, lungs or heart
173
management for leg cramps
Avoid hot compress: most heat only
Avoid massage: embolism
Bed: Temporary
Call MD
Doppler Ultrasound: drug
– anticoagulant: heparin. No: warfarin: fetal
Embolectomy
174
Enlarged uterus: 3rd trimester causes
Shortness of Breath
175
Shortness of breath is relieved during the ______________________
descend of fetus (engagement)
176
Can estrogen cause Stuffiness of nose, true or false?
true
177
Enlarged breast manifestation: What has Increase Vascularity (estrogen)
Breast Veins
178
Enlarged breast manifestation: What's Progesterone + Human Placenta Lactogen (HPL) for?
Readies for Lactation
179
What hormone does the breast need to enlarge?
Estrogen
180
What hormone does the areola need to darken?
Estrogen
181
