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Obstetrics & Gynae RIA > pregnancy > Flashcards

pregnancy Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

antenatal booking appointment at how many weeks?

A

12 weeks

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2
Q

foods with folic acid

A
  • dark green leafy vegetables
  • oranges
  • wholegrain
  • yeast
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3
Q

how long should folic acid be taken

A

first 12 weeks

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4
Q

when should folic acid dose 5 mg be given?

A
  • previous baby with neural tube defect
  • you or your partner have a neural tube defect
  • fhx neural tube defect
  • taking antiepileptic medx
  • DM
  • obesity
  • bowel disease
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5
Q

at 10-14 weeks, which syndromes are screened for?

A

Downs syndrome

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

Patau syndrome (13)

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6
Q

what is the combined test & when is it carried out

A

Nuchal translucency USS - measures fluid at back of babys neck
& blood test: PAPP-A & b-hCG

10-14 weeks

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7
Q

what happens if screening test shows a higher chance result of syndrome?

A

told within 3 days
&
offered a diagnostic test

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8
Q

when can Chorionic villus sampling be performed? & how is it carried out

A

between 11 and 14 weeks
&
fine needle inserted through abdomen to take a sample of tissue from placenta, the cells are then tested

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9
Q

when can Amniocentesis be carried out & how is it performed?

A

@ 15 weeks

fine needle inserted into uterus to collect a sample of fluid surrounding baby

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10
Q

number of visits in an uncomplicated pregnancy?

A

10 for first pregnancy & 7 for 2nd

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11
Q

when does booking visit take place?

A

8 to 12 WEEKS

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12
Q

what is involved in Down’s syndrome screening?

A

combined test:

nuchal translucency & serum measurement of b-HCG and PAPP-A

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13
Q

when is down’s sydnrome screening carried out?

A

11-14 weeks

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14
Q

when is QUAD test carried out and what does this look for

A

AFP, Inhibin A, unconjugated oestradoil, hCG

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15
Q

when is anomaly scan?

A

18-20 weeks

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16
Q

when is anti- D prophylaxis given to rhesus -ve women?

A

28 weeks

2nd dose at 34 weeks

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17
Q

foods high in folic acid?

A
  • dark leafy vegetables
  • oranges
  • wholegrains
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18
Q

dose and duration of folic acid?

A

400 ug & for 12 weeks

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19
Q

explain Rhesus disease?

A

mothers blood either has or hasnt got Rhesus antibodies

the antibodies destroy babys blood causing: haemolytic anaemia, thinner blood, tachycardia, jaundice

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20
Q

if mother has previously had gestational diabetes when should OGTT test be carried out?

A

24-28 weeks

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21
Q

risk factors for gestational diabetes (4)

A
  • BMI > 30
  • previous macrosomia baby > 4.5 kg
  • 1st degree relative
  • fam origin with high prevalence diabetes e.g. south asian
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22
Q

how is pre eclampsia screened for ?

A

blood pressure

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23
Q

what is pre-eclampsia?

A

pregnancy induced hypertension & proteinuria

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24
Q

name 4 high risk factors for pre eclampsia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • HTN in previous pregnancy
  • CKD
  • SLE
  • T1/2DM
  • Chronic HTN
25
2 alternatives for diagnosing Gestational diabetes
Fasting glucose > 5.6 2 hours post prandial > 7.8
26
what does antenatal screening for gestational diabetes consist of?
75g OGTT fasting glucose level is measured, then 75g oral glucose given and plasma glucose repeated 2 hours later
27
when is OGTT carried out?
at booking & at 24-28 weeks
28
what is normal physiological changes in blood pressure in pregnancy?
BP usually falls in the first trimester and continues to fall until 20-24 weeks from 24 weeks BP rises and returns to pre pregnancy state
29
what is pre existing blood pressure defined as?
> 140/90 before 20 weeks
30
what is gestational HTN defined as?
HTN after 20 weeks, no protein in urine & no oedema
31
how is pre eclampsia diagnosed?
BP >140/90 on 2 or more occasions at least 4 hours apart & Proteinuria > 300mg/24 hours
32
triad of Hyperemesis gravidarum?
1) 5% ore pregnancy weight loss 2) Dehydration 3) Electrolyte imbalance
33
3 risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum
- multiple pregnancy - 1st pregnancy - raised BMI
34
1st line treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum
antihistamines (cyclizine and promethizine)
35
2nd line treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum
ondansetron & metoclopramide
36
how is anaemia in pregnancy managed
Iron oral
37
risks for ' small for gestational age' baby
- smoking > 11 a day - cocaine use - maternal age > 40 - heavy bleeding - daily vigorous exercise
38
what is given to women at high risk of pre eclampsia?
75 mg Aspirin from 12 weeks until delivery
39
what is given if delivery between 24 & 36 weeks
anabolic steroids
40
what is prolonged pregnancy defined as
pregnancy at or longer than 42 weeks
41
prolonged pregnancy puts child at risk of
stillbirth
42
what can be offered for prolonged pregnancy?
membrane sweeps @ 40/41 weeks
43
treatment targets for gestational diabetes?
fasting: 5.3 2 hour glucose: 6.4
44
3 complications of macrosomia?
- shoulder dystocia - obstructed/delayed labour - increased rates of instrumental delivery
45
3 fetal complications of gestational diabetes?
- macrosomia - risk of post delivery hypoglycaemia - polyhydramnios
46
what causes of shoulder dystocia?
macrosomic baby becomes stuck and anterior shoulder gets stuck behind pubic symphysis
47
at what weeks can pregnancy induced HTN or pre eclampsia be diagnosed?
post 20 weeks
48
what examination findings need to be examined for in hypertension in pregnancy?
- headache - visual distrubances - papilloedema - hyper-reflexia - RUQ pain
49
medications to manage HTN in pregnancy? (3)
- Labetalol - Nifedipine - Hydralazine
50
3 side effects of labetalol
- postural hypotension - headache - N&v
51
what can be given in pre eclampsia to prevent fits & eclampsia
Magnesium sulfate infusion
52
3 side effects of Nifedipine
- peripheral oedema - headache - constipation
53
serious complication of pre eclampsia?
HELLP syndrome
54
management of HELLP syndrome
blood & platelet transfusion
55
features of HELLP?
``` H - Haemolysis (low Hb) E - elevated L - Liver enzymes L - Low P - Platelets ```
56
uterine stimulants (5)
- oxytociin - prostin - misoprostol - endothelin - ergometrine
57
uterine relaxants (7)
- nifedipine - nitric oxide - relaxin - atosiban - magnesium - terbutaline - indomethacin
58
when does levels of hCG peak?
week 7

Obstetrics & Gynae RIA (9 decks)

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