pregnancy a&p

Question 1

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by

Answer 1

trophoblastic cells of developing placenta

Question 2

hCG present in…

Answer 2

bloodurine (test-dependent, can be detected as soon as 7 days after conception)

Question 3

hCG peaks

Answer 3

around 9-10 weeks until placenta is fully functioning (hCG levels then drop)

Question 4

higher than expected hCG

Answer 4

multiple gestations

Question 5

lower than expected hCG

Answer 5

sign of problematic pregnancy

Question 6

morning sickness

Answer 6

• presumptive evidence- nausea, vomiting- begins 2-6 weeks after conception- 50% of women- more common in Western women

Question 7

why bladder irritability? (as presumptive evidence)

Answer 7

enlarging uterus pressing on bladder- usually worse 1st trimester- 2nd trimester: bladder moves up/out of pelvis- 3rd = baby pressing on bladder

Question 8

why fatigue? (as presumptive evidence)

Answer 8

increased hormones

Question 9

Goodell sign

Answer 9

• probable evidence- softening of cervix

Question 10

Chadwick sign

Answer 10

• probable evidence- cervix with bluish color

Question 11

Hegar sign

Answer 11

• probable evidence- softening lower uterine segment (uterine isthmus)

Question 12

Braxton Hicks contractions

Answer 12

• probable evidence- painless tightening of uterus

Question 13

Ballottement

Answer 13

• probable evidence- passive movement of unengaged fetus- like pushing on a beach ball, bouncing around

Question 14

Gravidity

Answer 14

pregnancy

Question 15

Gravida

Answer 15

pregnant woman

Question 16

Parity

Answer 16

number of pregnancies reaching 20 weeks gestation

Question 17

Early term

Answer 17

37&0/7 weeks - 38&6/7 weeks

Question 18

Term

Answer 18

39&0/7 weeks - 40&6/7 weeks

Question 19

Late Term

Answer 19

41&0/7 weeks - 41&6/7

Question 20

Postterm

Answer 20

42&0/7 weeks+

Question 21

Preterm

Answer 21

20&0/7 weeks - 36&6/7 weeks

Question 22

Abortion

Answer 22

miscarriage or elective termination

Question 23

G_P_

Answer 23

Gravidity & Parity

Question 24

G_T_P_A_L_

Answer 24

GravidityTermPretermAbortionLiving

Question 25

Viability

Answer 25

- capacity to live outside uterus- 22 to 24 weeks OR- fetal weight > 500g (approx 1lb)

Question 26

physiologic anemia

Answer 26

hemodilution due to plasma increase > RBC increase in pregnant woman;- decreased hgb- decreased hct

Question 27

hyperplasia

Answer 27

increase in number of cells (formation of new tissue)

Question 28

hypertrophy

Answer 28

enlargement of existing cells

Question 29

stroke volume

Answer 29

volume out of left ventricle, each heart beat

Question 30

cardiac output

Answer 30

CO = HR x SVfunctional capacity of LV to maintain BP and organ perfusion

Question 31

vena caval syndrome

Answer 31

during pregnancy, when vena cava squashed and venous return impeded

Question 32

trend: stroke volume during pregnancy

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

trend: cardiac output during pregnancy

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

trend: heart rate during pregnancy

Answer 34

increases

Question 35

trend: systemic vascular resistance during pregnancy

Answer 35

decreases

Question 36

systolic blood pressure

Answer 36

pressure generated by LV to push blood into aorta during contractions- remains relatively the same during pregnancy

Question 37

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 37

pressure against arterial walls during heart relaxation- decreases slightly during pregnancy

Question 38

systemic vascular resistance

Answer 38

resistance of blood flow through body vessels, increases when vessels constrict and decreases when vessels dilate

Question 39

tidal volume

Answer 39

normal volume of air displaced (inspired before expiration)

Question 40

operculum

Answer 40

- mucus plug- fills cervical canal- acts as barrier against bacterial invasion

Question 41

Montgomery's tubercles

Answer 41

hypertrophy of sebaceous oil glands in areola

Question 42

chloasma

Answer 42

"mask of pregnancy"- blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation of cheeks, nose, foreheaddoesn't always resolve D:

Question 43

linea negra

Answer 43

pigmented line extending from fundus to symphysis pubis

Question 44

striae gravidarum

Answer 44

stretch marks!50-90% of all preggers ladies

Question 45

glycosuria during pregnancy

Answer 45

COMMON. increased amount of glucose filtration (exceeds reabsorption capacity); doesn't reflect abnormal carb metab

Question 46

urinary stasis

Answer 46

larger volume of urine held in pelvis, ureters- stagnating urine + increased glucose (pH increase) = more susceptible to UTIs

Question 47

bladder irritability

Answer 47

looks like nocturia, urinary frequency, urgency

Question 48

pytalism

Answer 48

excessive salivation

Question 49

pruritis gravidarum

Answer 49

bile salts in skin causing itching

Question 50

lordosis

Answer 50

shelf hiney in pregnancy