Pregnancy: Prenatal Development and Prenatal Care (made by AI bc im tired)

Question 2

What are the three stages of prenatal development?

Answer 2

1. Preembryonic stage
2. Embryonic stage
3. Fetal stage

Question 3

What are the key events that occur in the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

Answer 3

All organs are formed by the end of week 8, implantation occurs by the end of week 2, and the heart and neural tube are the first structures to develop.

Question 4

What is the primary function of the placenta?

Answer 4

Circulation, protection, and secretion of hormones that support the pregnancy.

Question 5

What is a teratogen?

Answer 5

An agent that disrupts growth and development in the embryo or fetus and causes anomalies.

Question 6

At what weeks does the fetal stage occur?

Answer 6

Weeks 9 to 38+.

Question 7

What significant development occurs in weeks 9 to 12 of the fetal stage?

Answer 7

Fetal movement begins, kidneys begin to function, and genitalia are fully differentiated.

Question 8

Define the GTPAL method.

Answer 8

G: Gravida (number of pregnancies), T: Term births, P: Preterm births, A: Abortions/miscarriages, L: Living children.

Question 9

What are common presumptive signs of pregnancy?

Answer 9

Missed periods, nausea, breast tenderness.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The umbilical cord contains one large vein and ______ smaller arteries.

Answer 10

two

Question 11

True or False: The embryo is most susceptible to teratogens during the fetal stage.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What hormonal changes occur in the endocrine system during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Thyroid hormones increase, insulin needs vary, and cortisol levels rise.

Question 13

What is the estimated increase in cardiac output during pregnancy?

Answer 13

Up to 50%.

Question 14

What is striae gravidarum?

Answer 14

Stretch marks that commonly appear on the breasts, abdomen, and thighs during pregnancy.

Question 15

What physiological change occurs in the respiratory system during pregnancy?

Answer 15

Oxygen consumption increases by 15% to 20%.

Question 16

List the normal discomforts of pregnancy in the first trimester.

Answer 16

• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Urinary frequency
• Breast tenderness

Question 17

What is the recommended frequency of prenatal care appointments for low-risk patients during the second trimester?

Answer 17

Every 2 weeks.

Question 18

What changes occur in the integumentary system during pregnancy?

Answer 18

• Darkening of moles and areolae
• Appearance of linea nigra
• Palmar erythema

Question 19

What dietary recommendations are given to pregnant women?

Answer 19

• Consume extra protein and calcium
• Take a vitamin with folic acid and iron
• Avoid alcohol and raw meat

Question 20

What is the significance of viabilty in fetal development?

Answer 20

The fetus can survive with intensive care at 22-23 weeks.

Question 21

What is Chadwick’s sign?

Answer 21

Bluish discoloration of the cervix due to increased vascularity.

Question 22

What is the expected change in glomerular filtration rate during pregnancy?

Answer 22

Increases by about 50%.

Question 23

What is Braxton Hicks contraction?

Answer 23

Practice contractions that occur throughout pregnancy.

Question 24

What is the recommended strategy for managing constipation during pregnancy?

Answer 24

Increase fiber and fluids.

Question 25

What is the role of oxytocin at the end of the third trimester?

Answer 25

Stimulates contractions to initiate labor and assists in postpartum uterine contractions.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The first prenatal appointment should include health history and ______.

Answer 26

determining due date

Question 27

What changes occur in the musculoskeletal system during pregnancy?

Answer 27

Lordosis increases, relaxin and progesterone increase joint mobility, and abdominal walls may separate.

Question 28

What are the signs of supine hypotension?

Answer 28

Dizziness when lying flat due to pressure on the vena cava.

Question 29

What does GTPAL stand for in obstetrics?

Answer 29

GTPAL stands for: * G - Gravida (total number of pregnancies) * T - Term births (deliveries at 37 weeks or later) * P - Preterm births (deliveries between 20 and 36 weeks) * A - Abortions (spontaneous or elective losses before 20 weeks) * L - Living children.

Question 30

What is the gravida/para shorthand for a woman who is G5 T1 P1 A2 L2?

Answer 30

G5P2

Question 31

How do you determine the estimated due date (EDD) using Nagele’s rule?

Answer 31

EDD can be determined by: * Determine the date of the last menstrual period (LMP) * Subtract 3 months * Add 7 days.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: After subtracting 3 months from the LMP of March 17, the new month is ______.

Answer 32

December

Question 33

What are the vital assessments during prenatal appointments?

Answer 33

Prenatal appointments include: * Physical assessment * History since the last appointment * Vital signs and weight assessment * Fetal heart rate assessment after 10 weeks * Fundal height measurement after 16 weeks * Pertinent education.

Question 34

What are the danger signs during the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 34

Danger signs to report include: * Bleeding or Spotting * Cramping * Painful Urination and fever * Lower abdominal pain accompanied by shoulder pain.

Question 35

What are some danger signs during the 2nd trimester until term?

Answer 35

Danger signs include: * Uterine contractions * New onset back pain * Leaking of fluid from vagina * Vaginal bleeding * Decreased fetal movement.

Question 36

True or False: The Group Beta Strep test is an infection screening.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What is the purpose of the 1-hour Glucose Tolerance Test?

Answer 37

The test screens for Gestational Diabetes.

Question 38

What does a Biophysical Profile assess?

Answer 38

A Biophysical Profile assesses fetal well-being based on: * Non-stress test * Fetal movement * Tone * Breathing * Amniotic fluid volume.

Question 39

What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?

Answer 39

Presumptive signs include: * Nausea * Tender Breasts * Fatigue * Missed periods (amenorrhea) * Abdominal growth.

Question 40

What are probable signs of pregnancy?

Answer 40

Probable signs include: * Positive pregnancy test * Chadwick’s sign * Hegar’s sign * Goodell’s sign * Maternal perception of fetal movement.

Question 41

What constitutes positive signs of pregnancy?

Answer 41

Positive signs include: * Visualization of baby on ultrasound * Fetal heart tones * Palpable fetal movement assessed by examiner.

Question 42

What psychosocial adaptation is common in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 42

Ambivalence is common.

Question 43

What psychosocial changes occur in the 2nd trimester?

Answer 43

Growing awareness of the fetus as a separate person and dealing with body changes.

Question 44

What feelings are common in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 44

Anxiety and feelings of being vulnerable are common.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: During prenatal care, fetal heart rate is typically assessed after ______ weeks.

Answer 45

10

Question 46

What is the normal range for fetal heart rate after 10 weeks?

Answer 46

110-160 BPM.

Question 47

What is the significance of measuring fundal height after 16 weeks?

Answer 47

Fundal height measurement helps assess fetal growth and is approximately one cm per week of gestation.