Prego

Question 1

Spontaneous abortion

Answer 1

i. Miscarriage
ii. Passage of tissue before the 20th week of gestation
iii. USUALLY in the first trimester, between 8-12 weeks gestation

Question 2

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 2

i. First trimester
ii. Fertilized egg implants anywhere but the uterus
iii. Usually the fallopian tubes
iv. Egg starts to grow and develop, rupturing the fallopian tubes
v. Leads to intense lower quadrant abd pain, can lead to internal bleeding and shock

Question 3

Placenta previa

Answer 3

i. 3rd trimester emergency
ii. Placenta implants itself over the cervix
iii. Noted by lots of vaginal bleeding with no pain

Question 4

Abruptio placenta

Answer 4

i. 3rd trimester emergency
ii. Many causes, from hypertension to trauma
iii. Placenta prematurely tears away from the uterine wall
iv. High mortality to both mom and baby
v. Noted by lots of pain, and little to no external bleeding
vi. No bleeding due to infants head covering cervix

Question 5

Ruptured Uterus

Answer 5

i. 3rd trimester
ii. Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of uterine wall
iii. Releases fetus into abd cavity

Question 6

Preeclampsia / Eclampsia

Answer 6

i. 3rd trimester
ii. Characterized by hypertension and swelling of the extremities
iii. Preeclampsia turns into eclampsia when the mother has seizures
iv. Pregnancy related seizures have a high mortality rate for both mom and baby

Question 7

Supine Hypertensive Syndrome

Answer 7

i. 2nd and 3rd trimester
ii. The uterus and growing fetus compress the inferior vena cava when the mom lays flat on her back
iii. Leads to hypotension when mom lays supine
iv. Always prop a pillow or similar under the patient’s right side to ensure the fetus does not compress the inferior vena cava

Question 8

Gravida vs para

Answer 8

Gravida
i. How many pregnancies
b. Para
i. How many deliveries past 20 weeks gestation

Question 9

The 3 stages of labor

Answer 9

Stages of labor
a. Stage one
i. Dilation phase
ii. From beginning of true labor until full dilation of the cervix
iii. Braxton hicks contractions – false labor
b. Stage two
i. Expulsion phase
ii. From full dilation of the cervix until baby is born
iii. Look for nuchal cord – cord wrapped around baby’s neck
c. Stage three
i. Placental phase
ii. From delivery of the baby until delivery of the placenta

Question 10

Breech birth

Answer 10

i. Legs or butt presenting first
ii. Allow delivery to happen
iii. If the head gets stuck, after 2 minutes, may insert gloved hand into birth canal to make an airway for the baby

Question 11

Meconium

Answer 11

i. Baby had a bowel movement in the amniotic sac
ii. When water breaks, fluid is greenish or brown
iii. Tells you that the baby was in distress at one time

Question 12

Post partum hemorrhage

Answer 12

a. Any bleeding over 500cc after baby is born
b. Place mom on high flow O2
c. Massage fundus
d. Baby to breast

Question 13

Apgar- appearance

Answer 13

Appearance
1. Blue body – 0
2. Pink body, blue extremities – 1
3. Pink all over – 2

Question 14

Apgar- pulse

Answer 14

Pulse
1. No pulse – 0
2. Pulse <100 – 1
3. Pulse >100 – 2

Question 15

Apgar- grimace

Answer 15

Grimace
1. No reflex activity – 0
2. Some grimacing – 1
3. Crying, sneezing, etc – 2

Question 16

Apgar- activity

Answer 16

Activity
1. Limp – 0
2. Some activity, lethargic – 1
3. Actively moving – 2

Question 17

Apgar- respirations

Answer 17

Respirations
1. No respiratory effort – 0
2. Weak cry – 1
3. Strone cry – 2

Question 18

Apgar scoring

Answer 18

Scoring
1. 7-10
a. Only routine care needed
2. 4-6
a. Stimulate baby
b. Oxygen
3. 0-3
a. BVM
b. CPR as nee