PRELIM

Question 1

What is law in general?

Answer 1

A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by a controlling authority, and having binding legal force. That which must be obeyed and followed by citizens subject to sanctions or legal consequence is a law

Question 2

Functions of law

Answer 2

(1) keep the peace,
(2) maintain the status quo,
(3) preserve individual rights,
(4) protect minorities against majorities,
(5) promote social justice, and
(6) provide for orderly social change.

Question 3

Purposes of the law

Answer 3

(1) establishing standards,
(2) maintaining order, (3) resolving disputes, and (4) protecting liberties and rights.

Question 4

What is law according to Justice Bradley

Answer 4

Law is a science of principles by which the civil society is regulated and held together, by which right is enforced, and wrong is detected and punished.

Question 5

What is law according to De Page?

Answer 5

The body of rule governing the conduct of persons living in association with others, under the guaranty of social compulsion.

Question 6

What is law according to Sanchez Roman?

Answer 6

Law is a rule of conduct, just, obligatory promulgated by legitimate authority, and of common observance and benefit.

Question 7

The law is a guidepost for minimally acceptable behavior in society.

Answer 7

Establishing standards

Question 8

This is an offshoot of establishing standards. Some semblance of order is necessary in a civil society and is therefore reflected in law. The law—when enforced—provides order consistent with society’s guidelines.

Answer 8

Maintaining order

Question 9

Disputes are unavoidable in a society comprised of persons with different needs, wants, values, and views.

Answer 9

Resolving disputes

Question 10

Classifications of Law

Answer 10

Divine Law
Human Law

Question 11

What is divine law?

Question 12

What is human law?

Question 13

What is ethics?

Question 14

Ethics matter because;

Answer 14

(1) it is part of how many groups define themselves and thus part of the identity of their individual members,

(2) other-regarding values in most ethical systems both reflect and foster close human relationships and mutual respect and trust, and

(3) it could be “rational” for a self-interested person to be moral, because his or her selfinterest is arguably best served in the long run by reciprocating the moral behaviour of others.

Question 15

Is ethic a social science?

Question 16

The greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 16

Utilitarian ethics

Question 17

The idea that people should be treated with dignity and respect

Answer 17

Deontological ethics

Question 18

Considering what virtues make a good public relations professionals

Answer 18

Virtue ethics

Question 19

Concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values can be determined

Answer 19

Meta-ethics

Question 20

Concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action

Answer 20

Applied ethics

Question 21

Concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action

Answer 21

Normative ethics

Question 22

The principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others

Answer 22

Altruism or selflessness

Question 23

Is the “personal rule of the self that is free from both controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices”

Answer 23

Autonomy

Question 24

Is action that is done for the benefit of others

Answer 24

Beneficence

Question 25

Refers to the concept of keeping a commitment and is based upon the virtue of caring.

Answer 25

Fidelity

Question 26

means to “do no harm”

Answer 26

Non-maleficence

Question 27

This principle requires loyalty, fairness, truthfulness, advocacy, and dedication to our patients. It involves an agreement to keep our promises.

Answer 27

Fidelity

Question 28

The philosophical study of the concepts of moral right and wrong

Answer 28

Ethics

Question 29

ethics derives from Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ethikos), from ἦθος (ethos), meaning

Answer 29

Habit custom

Question 30

The English word "ethics" is derived from an Ancient Greek word, êthikos, which means

Answer 30

Relating to ones character

Question 31

values tend to influence attitudes and behavior and these types include:

Answer 31

Doctrinal/Ideological values Social values Asethetic values

Question 32

Advocates that each person live so as to further his or her own interests

Answer 32

Egoism

Question 33

Concerned with the standards and moral conduct that govern the profession and its members.

Answer 33

Professional ethics

Question 34

This theory holds that the most important aspects of our lives are governed by certain unbreakable moral rules.

Answer 34

Deontology

Question 35

Resolve questions of human morality

Answer 35

Ethics

Question 36

study of general and fundamental problems

Answer 36

Philosophy

Question 37

Defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions

Answer 37

Values

Question 38

Licensure Laws (R.A. 1998) which provide:

Answer 38

Minimum standard req. for the education and training of Optometrists The examination req. for the licensure of applicants Character, age, citizenship and other requirements. For licensure of applicants Grounds and procedures for reprimand Tuesday agencies created to administer the licensing statuses

Question 39

Code of ethics for Optometrists

Answer 39

The optometrists responsibilities in general Relations between optometrist and his patients Duties of optometrists to the general public Duties of optometrists to other opto Duties of opto to the members of other professions

Question 40

Certain wrongful acts or omissions of optometrists are considered crimes

Answer 40

Criminal law

Question 41

Any person who, contrary to law, willfully or negligently causes damage to another

Answer 41

Civil law

Question 42

Any optometrist admitted to a general or specialized optometric organization is obliged to comply with the constitution

Answer 42

Optometric societies

Question 43

Every optometrist serves as an ambassador of goodwill of his profession to the public

Answer 43

Public opinion

Question 44

What is optometry?

Answer 44

Science and art of examining the human eye, analyzing the ocular function, and prescribing ophthalmic lenses, prisms, contact lenses, ocular exercises, visual training

Question 45

What is Optometrist?

Answer 45

Means a person legally qualified to practice optometry under this act

Question 46

the ideal distribution of risks and benefits

Answer 46

Justice