PRELIM Flashcards by Kat Kat Kat

Condition of being sound in body, mind or
spirit; freedom from physical disease or
pain.

HEALTH

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It refers to the ability of a person to func-
tion effectively,physically, socially, psyc-
hologically and spiritually.

HEALTH

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The _____ good health is a state of
complete physical, social and mental well-
being and not merely the absence of dis-
ease or infirmity.

HEALTH
WHO (1946)

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A resource for everyday life, not the object
of living and is appositive concept emphasizing social and personal resource as well
as physical capabilities.

HEALTH

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A tool or mechanism for health-related
learning resulting in increase in
knowledge, skill development and change
in behavior

HEALTH EDUCATION

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Dimension of Health

BROADER
INDIVIDUAL

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In the outer circle which are environmental
and societal dimensions

BROADER

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the inner circle of individual are:

Physical health
Mental health
Emotional health
Social health
Spiritual health
Sexual health
Societal health
Environmental health

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the state of one’s body
like its fitness and not being ill.

Physical Health

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positive sense of purpose
and underlying brief in one’s own worth
(self-esteem) like feeling good and feeling
able to cope.

Mental health

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ability to express one’s feelings appropriately and to develop and
sustain relationship. Ex:is the feeling of
being loved.

Emotional Health

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involves the support system that is available from family members
and friends.

Social Health

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recognition of a supreme being or force and the ability to put
into practice one’s moral principles or beliefs.

Spiritual Health

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acceptance of the ability
to achieve a satisfactory expression of one’s sexuality.

Sexual Health

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the link between and the
health and the way a society is structured.
This includes the basic infrastructure necessary for health and the degree of integration or division within the society.

Societal Health

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the physical environment where people live, it involves
housing, transport, sanitation,pollution
and pure water facilities.

Environmental health

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Any endeavor directed at enhancing the
quality of health and wellbeing of individuals, families, groups,community, through strategies involving supportive environments, coordination of resources and
respect for personal choice and values.

Health Promotion

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who introduce what?’(Macdonald & Bunton,
1992) and was not popular until the 1980’s
when the World Health organization
(WHO) began a campaign for global public health.

Health promotion
1974 by Canadian Health
Minister LaLonde

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Factors in the Ecosystem which Affect the
Optimum Level
of Functioning (OLOF)

Political Factors
Behavioral Factors
Hereditary
Health Care Delivery System
Environmental Influences
Factors in the Ecosystem which Affect the
Optimum Level
of Functioning (OLOF)

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Power and authority to regulate the environment or social climate.

Political Factors

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A person’s level of functioning and is affected by certain habits,their lifestyle, health care and child rearing practices which are determined by one’s culture and ethnic
heritage.

Behavioral Factors

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Understanding of genetically influenced
diseases and genetic risks.

Hereditary

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Focus of healthcare is in the promotive,
preventive,curative and rehabilitative aspects of care.

Health Care Delivery System

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Primary health is a partnership approach to
the effective provision of essential health
services that are community based, accessible, acceptable sustainable and affordable.

Health Care Deliver System

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Menace of pollution, communicable disease due to poor sanitation, poor garbage collection, smoking, utilization of pesticides, lack or absence of proper and adequate waste and sewerage disposal system and management,noise, radiation, air and water pollution are just some of the factors or situations which exert negative effects on the environment Socio-economic influences

Environmental influences

families in lower income group are the ones mostly served.

socio-economic influences

The teaching function will always be an integral part of the duties of a professional nurse. This dates back to the time when Nursing was given recognition as a discipline in the 1800’s and health education became a unique and independent function of the nurse. This was regarded as the

period of educated nursing

who has earned the title of “Mother of Modern Nursing, was the epitome of the true nurse educator as she advocated the important function of teaching to promote health and recovery through a clean,pleasant, and inhabitable environment.

Florence Nightingale

Two books

“Notes on Nursing” and “Notes on Hospitals”.

Organizations and Agencies Formulating Standards

National League of Nursing Education (NLNE)/ National League of Nursing (NLN) International Council Of Nurses (ICN) Nurse Practice Arts (NPAs) Of United States Joint Commission On Accreditation Of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Pew Health Professions Commission (1998)

what year recognized the importance of health teaching as a responsibility of the nurse for the promotion of health & prevention of illness in different settings like schools, hospitals, industries, and homes

1918

in what year declared that “a nurse was fundamentally a teacher and an agent of health regardless of the setting in which the practice occurred.”

1938

on what year specified the course content dealing with teaching skills, developmental & educational psychology and principles of teaching and learning as part of the nursing curriculum of all nursing schools

1950

Organization that endorsed health education as an essential requisite for the delivery of nursing care

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

organuzations that universally include teaching within the scope of nursing practice responsibilities. They are expected to assist clients to maintain health, prevent disease, manage illness, and render supportive care to family members through health teachings/education as means to providing costeffective, safe, and high quality care.

Nurse Practice Arts (NPA's) of United States

irganizations that delineated nursing standards or mandates for patient education which are based on positive outcomes of patient care. The teachings must be patient and family-oriented. (1993)

Joint Commission On Accreditation Of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

Organization that released a follow-up on health professional practice and more than half of the recommendations were as the importance of patient and staff education and the role of nurse as educator.

Pew Health Profession Comissions (1998)

Five areas of responsibility

Planning Implementation Evaluation and Research Resource Person Advocate

7 principles of learning

Readines Exercise Effect Primary Recency Intensity Freedom

implies a degree of willingness and eagerness of an individual to learn something new.

Readiness

states that those things that are most often repeated are the ones that are best remembered

exercise

that learning is strengthened when accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling — and that learning is weakened when associated with an unpleasant feeling.

Effect

the state of being first, often creates a strong impression which maybe very difficult to change.

Primacy

states that things most recently learned are best remembered.

Recency

implies that a learner will learn more from the real thing than from a substitute

Intensity

states that things freely learned are best learned. - Conversely, if the audience is forced to learn something, the more difficult it is for them to learn.

Freedom

4 Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

is one that unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response

Unconditional stimulus

the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned Response

is previously neutral stimulus that after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Conditioned stimulus

is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus

Conditioned Response

defined as a relatively permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, skill, and/or behavior as a result of experience. It is the lifelong, dynamic process by which individuals acquire new knowledge or skills and alter their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and actions

LEARNING

a coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn. The construction and testing of learning theories over the past century contributed much to the understanding of how individuals acquire knowledge and change their ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

LEARNING THEORY

Focusing on what is directly observable - Learning is the product of stimulus condition(S) andresponse(R)

BEHAVIORIST LEARNING THEORY

Example: Respondent conditioning is used to extinguish chemotherapy patient’s anticipatory nausea and vomiting

BEHAVIORIST LEARNING THEORY

It was coined by behaviorist B.F. Skinner. - He believes that internal thought and motivations could not be used to explain. - He suggested at the external observable causes of human behavior. - Skinner used the term _____ to any “Active behavior that operates upon the environment"

OPERANT CONDITIONING

favorable events or outcomes that arepresented after the behavior. - A response or behavior is strengthened by theaddition of something as praise or reward

POSITIVE REINFORCES

the removal of unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. - A response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that cause a decrease in the behavior.

PUNISHMENT

a punishment by application, involve s the presentation of an unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

is punishment by removal, occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs.

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

The key to learning and changing is the individual’s cognition (perception, thought, memory, and ways of processing and structuring information) . - It is highly active process largely directed by the individual - It involves perceiving the information - Interpreting it based on what is already known - Then reorganizing the information into new insights or understanding

COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

Principles of Social Learning Theory

x Attentional phase- x Retention phase- x Reproduction phase- x Motivational phase-

a necessary condition for any learning to occur.

ATTENTIONAL PHASE

involves the storage and retrieval of what was observed.

RETENTION PHASE

during which the learner copies. the observed behavior

REPRODUCTION PHASE

focuses on whether the learner is motivated to perform a certain type of behavior

MOTIVATIONAL PHASE

- A process concerned with designing, implementing and evaluating educational programs that enable families, groups, organization and communities in achieving, protecting and sustaining health

HEALTH EDUCATION

Measures of ability of complexity of task, environmental effects, health status and gender

PHYSICAL READINESS

Anxiety level Includes support system, motivation, risk -taking behavior, frame of mind, developmental stage

EMOTIONAL READINESS

Level of aspiration Past coping mechanisms, cultural background, locus of control, orientation

EXPERIENTIAL READINESS

Present knowledge base Cognitive ability, learning disabilities, learning styles

KNOWLEDGE READINESS

PRELIM Flashcards

(72 cards)