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Drug Discovery & Development > Prelim Exam > Flashcards

Prelim Exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which when administered to a living organism , produces a biological effect.

A

DRUG

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2
Q

This is the process through which potential new medicines are identified

A

DRUG DISCOVERY

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3
Q

It involves wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry and pharmacology.

A

DRUG DISCOVERY

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4
Q

This is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been IDENTIFIED through the process of drug discovery.

A

DRG DEVELOPMENT

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5
Q

Diseases are controlled at the ______ and _______ level.

A

Molecular and Physiological

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6
Q

Process of drug in the body?

A

Molecular interactions»> Cellular and Tissue-level network»>Organ-level network»>Whole body

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7
Q

Drug discovery is a _______ process, which involves identification of a drug chemical therapeutically useful in ______ and ______ of a disease.

A

Multifaceted, Treating and Management

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8
Q

Overview of Drug Discovery and Development

A
  1. Identify disease
  2. Isolate protein involved in disease (2-5 years)
  3. Find a drug effective against disease protein (2-5 years)
  4. Preclinical testing (1-3 years)
  5. Formulation & Scale-up trials
  6. Human clinical trials (2-10 years)
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9
Q

What fields that the process of drug discover which candidate medication are discovered?

A

MEDICINE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY

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10
Q

How many chemical compounds must undergo laboratory screening for each new drug approved for use in humans

A

5,000-10,000

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11
Q

How many will enter preclinical and clinical testing and will be approved and commercialized?

A

-250 will enter preclinical testing
-5 will enter clinical testing
-1 will be approved and commercialized.

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12
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Herbal dugs and serendipitous discoveries

A

Pre 1919

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13
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY) Vitamins and vaccines

A

1920’s & 30’s

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14
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Antibiotic era and R&D boost due to WW2

A

1940’s

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15
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Rise of biotechnology and use of IT

A

1970’s

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16
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Breakthrough in Etiology

A

1960’s

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17
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
New technology and discover of DNA

A

1950’s

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18
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Commercialized of drug discovery and combinational chemistry

A

1980’s

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19
Q

(HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY)
Robotics and automation

A

1990’s

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20
Q

TOP 15 COMPANIES BY R&D EXPENSE

A
  1. Novartis
  2. Merck & Co
  3. Roche
  4. GlaxoSmithKline
  5. Sanofi
  6. Pfizer
  7. Johnson & Johnson
  8. Eli Lilly
  9. AstraZeneca
  10. Takeda
  11. Bayer
  12. Bristol-Myers Squibb
  13. Boerhinger Ingelheim
  14. Amgen
  15. Novo Nordisk
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21
Q

How many years of the process of basic and discovery research?

A

3-6 years

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22
Q

How many years of development of research?

A

6-7 years

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23
Q

How many years in post marketing?

A

0.5-2 years or 0.5-1.5 years

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24
Q

This is an important discipline for the development of new medicines that are extreme importance for the conservation and enhancement of tradition use of natural products.

A

Ethnopharmacology

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25
It focuses on the scientific exploration of biologically active agents that are used in traditional medicines.
Ethnopharmacological research
26
It has origins in the ethnopharmacology and ethnoveterinary practice.
Natural products
27
It encompasses a range of approaches ranging from the holistic to reductionist.
Modern Natural prodcust
28
What the prefix "ethno" means?
Meaning was preventive and therapeutic modalities other western medicine.
29
It was concerned with seeking rationale for use of traditional medicine handed down from generation to generation
Ethnopharmacology
30
It was strictly related to plant use, ethnobotany.
Ethnopharmacology
31
Scientific study of the relationship that exist between the people and plants.
Ethnobotany
32
In the word ethnobotany, from the term "ethnology" meaning_______ and "botany" is ______
The study of culture and the study of plants
33
How many plant species that is found (inventory) by ______ that is in use for medicinal in various countries?
By WHO and 20,000 plants
34
In those 20,000 plant species found, how many are commonly or have been checked for main active chemical compounds?
250 plant species
35
How many drugs with known structures that are still extracted from higher plants and used globally in allopathic medicine?
119 DRUGS
36
What is the ultimate goal of ethnopharmacology?
Identify drug to alleviate human illness via a thorough analysis of plants that is alleged to be useful in human cultures.
37
When was the term ethno pharmacology first used?
1967
38
In ___ century isolation of some __________ was a key event in development of modern pharmacy
19th & OPIUM ALKALOIDS
39
How many percentage of estimated 250,000 species of flowering plants still awaiting for scientific investigation?
90%
40
The process if DD using Ethnopharmacology stages.
1. Information sources 2. Scientific investigation
41
Under the stage of SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION includes:
1. Extraction 2. Test for activity 3. Chemical examination
42
This is search for biological resources and associated indigenous knowledge.
BIOPROSPECTING
43
Bioprospecting is also known as
Biodiversity Prospecting
44
Investigation of living things to see how they can be commercially useful to humans.
BIOPROSPECTING
45
Investigation of living things to see how they can be commercially useful to humans.
BIOPROSPECTING
46
In the concept of bioprospecting; Extreme environments, provide habitats for _________ organisms with unique characteristics developed for survival.
“extremophiles”,
47
The_____ and _____ which enable these extremophiles to survive in extreme ____,____,____, etc. and other unique conditions are sources of great potential for scientific advancement and commercial application.
Biological processes and Materials. Temperatures, pressures, salinity
48
Its an illegal collection of biosamples in the biodiversity ______
Answer is Biopiracy and the ____ is "Hot spots"
49
Their using the nature knowledge of indigenous people, without permission of financial gains.
Biopiracy
50
How many % does the world's remaining biodiversity that is concentrated in tropical and sub-tropical regions with developing country?
90%
51
Countries with mega diversity?
Mexico, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Australia, and the The democratic Republic of Congo
52
Where to start: stage scientific investigation
Vision for your medicine
53
What are the value of ethnopharmacological approach?
Efficacy and safety Economic and sociopolitical consideration
54
They are concerned with scientific study disease
Biology of Disease
55
One of the foundations of medical science and practice.
Biology of Disease
56
Encompasses all aspects of disease, including _____ of the causes and effects of disease, and the ______ disease.
KNOWLEDGE & ORGANISM'S RESPONSE
57
This is an approach which has been utilized in biomedicine to better understand the molecular basis of human disease and the mechanism of drug action.
System Biology
58
System biology is used in pharmacology to _______.
Understand drug action
59
Start with the end in mind: stage in scientific investigation
The disease and the drug
60
What are the 3 new expectations of DDD?
>Government’s New Bio-Technology Policy >Funding focus on applications/potential commercialization >Universities becoming commercially-oriented

Drug Discovery & Development (1 decks)

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