PRELIM EXAM (All TOPICS)

Question 1

Italian Biologist, Priest and Professor
(1729-1799)

Answer 1

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

Question 2

FATHER OF ULTRASOUND

Answer 2

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

Question 3

“He researched bats and found that they rely on sound, rather than sight, for navigation.”

Answer 3

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

Question 4

LAZZARD SPALANZANI

Answer 4

Echolocation

Question 5

They first demonstrated Piezoelectricity.

Answer 5

PIERRE AND JACQUES CURIE

Question 6

Ability to create __________ ______ with the discovery of Piezoelectricity

Answer 6

Ultrasound waves

Question 7

Piezoelectricity effect:
Soundwaves striking a piezoelectricity material, automatically produces an ________ ______

Answer 7

Electric signal

Question 8

Piezoelectricity Effect:
“The HARDER you push, the _________ the __________”

Answer 8

The harder you push, the bigger the voltage.

Question 9

Piezoelectric comes from a greek word “_____”

Answer 9

PIEZEIN

Question 10

GREEK TERM OF PIEZO

Answer 10

PUSH

Question 11

Greek word ‘piezein’ means

Answer 11

TO PRESS / TO SQUEEZE

Question 12

Greek word ‘piezein’ means

Answer 12

TO PRESS / TO SQUEEZE

Question 13

Echolocation

Answer 13

Lazzard Spalanzani

Question 14

Austrian Physicist

Answer 14

Christian Johann Doppler

Question 15

He investigates the phenomenon in which the pitch of a sound varies when the source of the sound is in motion.

Answer 15

Christian Johann Doppler

Question 16

Christian Johann Doppler is known for his principle which is the :

Answer 16

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

Question 17

Principle:
The frequency of source is due to the relative motion between the SOURCE and OBSERVER

Answer 17

THE DOPPLER EFFECT

Question 18

Who invented the first TRANSDUCER?

Answer 18

PAUL LANGEVIN

Question 19

Paul Langevin invented the _____ _________ to detect submarine and iceberg during WWI

Answer 19

First Transducer

Question 20

The sinking of TITANIC (1912) inspires him and Constantin Chilowsky to invent ________ __________ (__________) to detect icebergs

Answer 20

Ultrasound Machine (HYDROPHONE)

Question 21

NEUROLOGIST

Answer 21

Karl Dussik

Question 22

He was the pioneer in using ultrasound for medical diagnosis.

Answer 22

Karl Dussik

Question 23

Tried to outline the ventricles of the brain using ______________, a principle similar to x-ray
imaging.

Answer 23

echo-transmission

Question 24

He Tried to outline the ventricles of the brain using echo- transmission, a principle similar to x-ray
imaging.

Answer 24

Karl Dussik

Question 25

Swedish Cardiologist

Answer 25

Dr. Inge Edler

Question 26

Who is the father of Echocardiography?

Answer 26

DR. INGE EDLER

Question 27

List the Importance of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Diseases

Answer 27

• To view the uterus and ovaries during pregnancy • Diagnose gallbladder disease • Evaluate blood flow • Guide a needle for biopsy or tumor treatment • Examine a breast lump • Check the thyroid gland • Find genital and prostate problems • Assess joint inflammation (synovitis) • Evaluate metabolic bone disease

Question 28

Advantages of Diagnostic Ultrasound

Answer 28

• NONINVASIVE • LESS RISK • WIDELY ACCESSIBLE • VERSATILE IMAGING

Question 29

Limitations of Diagnostic Ultrasound

Answer 29

• Soundwaves dont travel well through air or bone • Body habitus • Ultrasound may also be unable to see the objects located very deep in the human body

Question 30

It describes the possible harmful effects that the imaging technique may have on human tissue.

Answer 30

Biological Effects of Ultrasound

Question 31

What are the two biological effects of Ultrasound?

Answer 31

• Thermal • Mechanical

Question 32

____________ has a remarkable record for patient safety with no significant adverse bio effects reported in the literature

Answer 32

ULTRASOUND

Question 33

Ultrasound produces biological effects by two tissue interactions:

Answer 33

• HEATING • CAVITATION

Question 34

It is caused by the mechanical friction of tissues moving as ultrasonic waves pass through them.

Answer 34

HEATING

Question 35

It involves the formation and collapse of tiny bubbles within the fluid between and inside cells.

Answer 35

CAVITATION

Question 36

It leads to mechanical damage and can also produce free radicals and other chemicals that may harm cell DNA.

Answer 36

ULTRASONIC CAVITATION

Question 37

Due to the law of the conservation of energy, all of the sound energy attenuated by tissues must be converted to other forms of energy. The majority of this is turned into heat.

Answer 37

THERMAL EFFECTS

Question 38

It states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.

Answer 38

The Law of the Conservation of Energy

Question 39

It refers to damage caused by the actual oscillation of the sound wave on tissue.

Answer 39

MECHANICAL EFFECTS

Question 40

WHAT ARE THE PARAMETERS OF SOUNDWAVES

Answer 40

• Power • Period • Amplitude • Frequency • Intensity • Wavelength • Speed / Velocity

Question 41

The capacity of a material to produce an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress.

Answer 41

Piezoelectric Effects

Question 42

What is the unit of frequency?

Answer 42

Hertz (Hz)

Question 43

Measurement of speed?

Answer 43

Meter per second (m/s)

Question 44

It is determined by the density and stiffness of the tissue, rather than by characteristics of the sound waves themselves

Answer 44

Velocity

Question 45

Number of cycles of an acoustic variable that occur in one second

Answer 45

Frequency

Question 46

1 Hertz (Hz) is equal to……

Answer 46

1 cycle

Question 47

The difference between the average value and maximum value of an acoustic variable. (Pa, mm, cm, or g/cm3)

Answer 47

Amplitude

Question 48

Height of the waves

Answer 48

Amplitude

Question 49

What are the units of Amplitude?

Answer 49

Pa, mm, cm, g/cm3, dB

Question 50

The rate of energy transfer

Answer 50

Power

Question 51

Power ______ as sound propagates through the body

Answer 51

decreases

Question 52

The time required to complete a single cycle

Answer 52

Period

Question 53

what ate the units of Period?

Answer 53

s, ms, μs

Question 54

The distance of a complete cycle

Answer 54

WAVELENGTH

Question 55

Short wavelength =

Answer 55

High frequency

Question 56

Low Frequency =

Answer 56

Long wavelength

Question 57

The power delivered over a specific area

Answer 57

Intensity

Question 58

Units of Intensity

Answer 58

watts/cm2 or milliwatts/cm2

Question 59

The rate at which waves pass through a medium.

Answer 59

Speed

Question 60

SOUNDWAVES SPEED FROM FASTEST TO SLOWEST

Answer 60

• Solid • Liquid • Gases

Question 61

It has a greater effect on the propagation speed of the wave than density

Answer 61

Stiffness

Question 62

Sitffness ⬆️ =

Answer 62

Speed ⬆️

Question 63

DENSITY ⬆️

Answer 63

SPEED ⬇️

Question 64

Propagation speed of Air

Answer 64

330 m/s

Question 65

Propagation speed of H20

Answer 65

1430 m/s

Question 66

PROPAGATION SPEED OF FAT

Answer 66

1450 m/s

Question 67

PROPAGATION SPEED OF SOFT TISSUE

Answer 67

1540 m/s

Question 68

PROPAGATION SPEED OF BLOOD

Answer 68

1570 m/s

Question 69

PROPAGATION SPEED OF MUSCLE

Answer 69

1585 m/s

Question 70

PROPAGATION SPEED OF BONE

Answer 70

4080 m/s

Question 71

What is in below 20Hz?

Answer 71

Earthquake (Infrasound)

Question 72

What Hz is Low Bass Notes (Accoustic) Human Hearing?

Answer 72

Above 20Hz

Question 73

What is in 200Hz?

Answer 73

Animal Hearing, Medical Therapy, Ultrasound

Question 74

What is in 2mHz

Answer 74

NDI and Medical Diagnostics

Question 75

200mHz:

Answer 75

Acoustic Microscopy

Question 76

Is audible sound can be heard by human?

Answer 76

Yes

Question 77

Is ultrasound can be heard by human?

Answer 77

No, the frequency is too high

Question 78

is infrasound can be heard by human?

Answer 78

no, the frequency is too low