Prelim Four Flashcards
(18 cards)
Afferent Neurons
Carry information from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system
Efferent Neurons
Carry motor information from the nervous system to the muscles to initiate action
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Sensory & motor
Somatic / Somatomotor
Voluntary
Autonomic
Involuntary; sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric
Mechanoreceptors
Mechanical deformation of the receptor gives the sense of touch, including pressure and vibration
Proprioceptors
Detecting motion or movement and position of the body through a stimulus produced within the body.
Nociceptors
Activated by noxious stimuli that damage or threaten the body’s integrity.
Gametes
A cell containing half the genetic information necessary to form a complete organism; egg/ovule/oocyte vs. sperm/pollen
Gonads
The testes and ovaries; a mixed gland that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism.
Haploid
The presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.
Diploid
The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. Humans are diploid.
Polyploid
An organism with one or more additional sets of chromosomes.
Insemination
Transfer of male gamete to female in species with internal fertilization.
Fertilization
The process of combining the male gamete (sperm) with the female gamete (ovum).
Zygote
An egg that has been fertilized by sperm, which could develop into an embryo.
In which group of organisms does the female of the species control the sex of her offspring?
Stinging insects
Organisms in which males have half the number of chromosomes and females have the full set of chromosomes are best defined as what?
Haplo-dipoloid
