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HISTOLOGY > PRELIM LEC 1: INTRO TO HISTOLOGY > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC 1: INTRO TO HISTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

LEVELS OF CELLULAR ORGANISM

A

CELLS
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM

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2
Q

is the STUDY OF TISSUES of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs.

A

HISTOLOGY

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3
Q

group of cells specialized to carry interrelated functions and their associated extracellular matrix.

A

TISSUES

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4
Q

MAJOR INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS/ORGANS OF TISSUES

A

CELLS & EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)

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5
Q

Provide support to the cells, transport nutrients and eliminate wastes.

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

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6
Q

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX is composed of many kinds of:

A

GROUND SUBSTANCE
FIBERS

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7
Q

STEPS IN TISSUE PROCESSING:
Routine (FDCIETS)

A

FILTRATION
DEHYDRATION
CLEARING
INFILTRATION and EMBEDDING
TRIMMING and SECTIONING
STAINING

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8
Q

For hard/calcified tissue (FDDCITS)

A

FILTRATION
DECALCIFICATION
DEHYDRATION
CLEARING
INFILTRATION and EMBEDDING
TRIMMING and SECTIONING
STAINING

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9
Q

Since cellular decomposition begins immediately after the death of a human/patient, tissues MUST BE FIXED TO THE CELLS to prevent alterations in their structure through decomposition.

A

FIXATION

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10
Q

Commonly used fixative in FIXATION process

A

FORMALIN, preferred 10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN

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11
Q
  • Only done in specimens such as bone and calcified tissues.
  • Purpose: REMOVAL OF CALCIUM AND LIME SALTS; done after fixation and before dehydration and impregnation, calcium might interfere with accurate evaluation and examination.
  • Signification: Facilitate normal cutting of tissue in sectioning.
A

DECALCIFICATION

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12
Q

HARD/CALCIFIED TISSUES:

A

BONE
TEETH
TUBERCULOSIS LUNGS
ATHEROSCLEROTIC BLOOD VESSELS

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13
Q
  • REMOVAL OF WATER OUT OF TISSUE
  • Done by successively bathing the specimen in a mixture of ethanol and water from 70% to 100% (increasing concentration of alcohol)
  • Alcohol removes water from the tissue
A

DEHYDRATION

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14
Q

DEHYDRATION REAGENT?
- best dehydrant because it is fast acting, mixes with water and many organic solvents, and penetrates tissues easily.
- Not poisonous and not very expensive

A

ETHANOL

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15
Q
  • REMOVAL OF DEHYDRATING AGENT by immersing the specimen in the solvent that the alcohol and embedding medium is miscible.
  • Makes tissue ‘’translucent’’ or transparent, hence the term clearing.
A

CLEARING

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16
Q

most commonly used clearing agent.

A

XYLENE

17
Q

INFILTRATION AND EMBEDDING
- After the clearing procedure, the tissue is placed in melted paraffin in an oven set at ?

A

52 - 60 DEGREE CELSIUS

18
Q
  • makes use of a plastic solution which hardens tissue by cross-linking polymers.
  • Eliminates the need to use an oven and paraffin; little tissue distortion.
A

PLASTIC RESINS

19
Q

CUTTING and SECTIONING
CUTTING is the REMOVAL OF EXCESS
The block is then mounted in a microtome and cut with a ____________

A

STEEL KNIFE

20
Q

CUTTING and SECTIONING
Sectioning is done with the aid of a __________ (REAGENT)

A

MICROTOME

21
Q

STAINING
- Since paraffin is colorless, staining is a must.
Before staining, the following should be done:
- Removal of paraffin by ________ or ______
- Rehydration of tissue by descending concentration of alcohol.

A

XYLOL or TUOLOL

22
Q

Tissue with NEGATIVE charges/acids are readily stained with dyes

A

BASOPHILIC

23
Q

Tissues with POSITIVE charges are stained with acidic dyes

A

ACIDOPHILIC

24
Q

Most commonly used stain in histology

A

HEMATOXYLIN and EOSIN

25
Q

BASIC DYE ; usually stains nucleus and RNA containing portion of cytoplasm

A

HEMATOXYLIN

26
Q

ACIDIC DYE;usually stains cytoplasmic components and collagen.

A

EOSIN

27
Q

Last procedure in the series that ends with a permanent histological preparation on the table, after the staining.

A

MOUNTING

28
Q

MOUNTING
Placing cut sections on a slide with adhesives such as ________ or ________

A

PINENE or ACRYLIC RESINS

29
Q

MOUNTING
a solution in which the specimen is embedded, generally under a cover slide.

A

MOUNTING MEDIUM

30
Q

for emergency surgery)
- Fixation is done RAPID FREEZING
- Compressed CO2 is emitted.
- Method is rapid.
- Routinely done in the hospital to study specimens during surgery.
- Lipids and enzymes are best preserved in this method.

A

FROZEN SECTIONS

31
Q

FROZEN SECTIONS
Sectioning is done through ______, a refrigerated compartment containing a microtome.

A

CRYOSTAT

HISTOLOGY (12 decks)

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