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CYTOGEN FINALS > PRELIM LEC 4: MEIOSIS > Flashcards

PRELIM LEC 4: MEIOSIS Flashcards

1
Q

first cells that leads the development
of a new individual

A

GAMETES

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2
Q

FUNCTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A
  1. Production of gametes
  2. Fertilization
  3. Development and nourishment of individual
  4. Production of reproductive hormones
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3
Q
  • Two divisions
  • Four daughter cells per cycle
  • Daughter cells genetically different
  • Chromosome number of daughter cells half that of parent cell (1n)
  • Occurs in germline cells
  • In humans, completes after sexual maturity
  • Used for sexual reproduction, producing new gene combinations

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

A

MEIOSIS

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4
Q
  • One division
  • Two daughter cells per cycle
  • Daughter cells genetically identical
  • Chromosome number of daughter cells same as that of parent cell (2n)
  • Occurs in somatic cells
  • Occurs throughout life cycle
  • Used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS?

A

MITOSIS

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5
Q
  • Reproductive cell division that occurs in the gonads
    -produces gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
    -Gametes contain 23 different chromosomes
  • Without _____, the sperm and oocyte would each contain 46 chromosomes, and the fertilized ovum would have twice the normal number of chromosomes
  • Produces gametes and mixes up trait combination
A

MEIOSIS

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6
Q

In meiosis, gametes contain ______ different chromosomes

A

23

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7
Q

Without meiosis, the sperm and oocyte would each
contain ___ chromosomes, and the fertilized ovum would have twice the normal number of chromosome

A

46

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8
Q
  • Such a genetically overloaded cell
  • Usually undergoes only a few cell divisions before stopping.
A

POLYPLOID

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9
Q

In addition to producing gametes, meiosis mixes up
trait combinations.

T OR F?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Meiosis explains why siblings differ genetically from each other and from their parents

T OR F?

A

TRUE

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11
Q
  • reduces the number of replicated chromosomes from 46 to 23.

A Meiosis I: reduction division
B Meiosis II: equational division

A

A Meiosis I: reduction division

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12
Q
  • produces four cells from the two cells formed in the first division by splitting the replicated chromosomes

A Meiosis I: reduction division
B Meiosis II: equational division

A

B Meiosis II: equational division

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13
Q

MEIOSIS 1 STAGES

A

PROPHASE I
METAPHASE I
ANAPHASE I
TELOPHASE I
CYTOKINESIS

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14
Q

begins as the replicated chromosomes condense and become visible when stained

A Metaphase I
B Anaphase I
C Prophase I
D Telophase I

A

C Prophase I

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15
Q

5 STAGES OF PROPHASE 1
-chromosomes condense
-homologous chromosomes START TO PAIR UP
-nuclear envelope begins to break down

A Leptotene (Leptonema)
B Zygotene (Zygonema)
C Pachytene (Pachynema)
D Diplotene (Diplonema)
E Diakinesis

A

A Leptotene (Leptonema)

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16
Q

5 STAGES OF PROPHASE 1
- homologous chromosomes CONTINUE TO PAIR UP
- forming synaptonemal complexes (synapsis)

A Leptotene (Leptonema) Diakinesis
B Zygotene (Zygonema)
C Pachytene (Pachynema)
D Diplotene (Diplonema)
E Diakinesis

A

B Zygotene (Zygonema)

17
Q

5 STAGES OF PROPHASE 1
-homologous chromosomes become FULLY PAIRED
-genetic recombination occurs
-crossing over occurs
-each homologs bear genes from each parent

A Leptotene (Leptonema) Diakinesis
B Zygotene (Zygonema)
C Pachytene (Pachynema)
D Diplotene (Diplonema)
E Diakinesis

A

C Pachytene (Pachynema)

18
Q

5 STAGES OF PROPHASE 1
- synaptonemal complexes start to dissolve
- but homologous chromosomes remain attached to
points called chiasmata
- chromosomes continue to condense

A Leptotene (Leptonema) Diakinesis
B Zygotene (Zygonema)
C Pachytene (Pachynema)
D Diplotene (Diplonema)
E Diakinesis

A

D Diplotene (Diplonema)

19
Q

5 STAGES OF PROPHASE 1
-chromosomes further condense
-nuclear envelope breaks down completely
-spindle apparatus starts to form

A Leptotene (Leptonema) Diakinesis
B Zygotene (Zygonema)
C Pachytene (Pachynema)
D Diplotene (Diplonema)
E Diakinesis

A

E Diakinesis

20
Q

 Homologous chromosome pairs align along the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) of the cell
 The spindle fibers from opposite poles
attach to each homologous chromosome, specifically to the protein structures (kinetochores)
 Random alignment of chromosomes causes independent assortment of the genes that they carry

A Metaphase I
B Anaphase I
C Prophase I
D Telophase I

A

A Metaphase I

21
Q

(The greater the number of chromosomes, the greater the genetic diversity is generated)

T OR F?

A

TRUE

22
Q

 Homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles of the cell (disjunction)
 Sister chromatids remain attached to each other.

A Metaphase I
B Anaphase I
C Prophase I
D Telophase I

A

B Anaphase I

23
Q

Chromosomes reach their respective poles
Nuclear envelope starts to form around each set of chromosomes

A Metaphase I
B Anaphase I
C Prophase I
D Telophase I

A

D Telophase I

24
Q

cell divides into 2 daughter cells

A

CYTOKINESIS

25
Q

means that the fate of a gene on one chromosome is not influenced by a gene on a different chromosome

A

Independent assortment

26
Q

separates and pulls up apart the replicated chromosomes in order to produce 46 chromosomes from unreplicated forms.

A

Equational Division

27
Q

 Essentially similar to mitosis
 Each chromosome, which exists as a pair of chromatids, becomes aligned along the center of the cell and then splits leading to the formation of 2 new daughter gametes (total of 4)

A Meiosis I: reduction division
B Meiosis II- Equational Division

A

B Meiosis II- Equational Division

28
Q

Nuclear envelope fragments.
Spindle forms and fibers attach to both
chromosomes.

A Anaphase II
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Telophase II

A

B Prophase II

29
Q

Chromosomes align along equator of cell

A Anaphase II
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Telophase II

A

C Metaphase II

30
Q

Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of cell

A Anaphase II
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Telophase II

A

A Anaphase II

31
Q

MEIOSIS
Nuclear envelopes assemble around two daughter nuclei.
Chromosomes decondense.
Spindle disappears.

A Anaphase II
B Prophase II
C Metaphase II
D Telophase II

A

D Telophase II

32
Q

divides cells

A

CYTOKINESIS

CYTOGEN FINALS (11 decks)

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