Prelim Quizzes

Question 1

What role does deduction play in scientific research?

Answer 1

Itenables the derivation of testable
hypotheses from theories.

Question 2

What is the term for a classification of things according to their natural relationships?

Answer 2

Taxonomy

Question 3

What is the PRIMARY purpose of a theory in scientific research?

Answer 3

To formulate testable hypotheses

Question 4

How can a scientific investigator derive testable hypotheses from a useful theory?

Answer 4

Through Deductive Reasoning

Question 5

What does a hypothesis need to be
considered valid and valuable in scientific research?

Answer 5

It must be specific enough for testing
through the scientific method.

Question 6

Why do alternate theories exist in the field of psychology?

Answer 6

Because they reflect the author’s personal
backgrounds and experiences

Question 7

What is the term for an educated guess or prediction that is specific enough for its validity to be tested through the scientific method?

Answer 7

Hypothesis

Question 8

Which branch of philosophy does the concept of theory relate most closely to?

Answer 8

Epistemology

Question 9

What is the primary concern of the branch of philosophy known as epistemology?

Answer 9

The nature of knowledge

Question 10

What is the term for a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior?

Answer 10

Personality

Question 11

The foundation for thought and behavior is biological and genetic forces.

Answer 11

Biological-Evolutionary

Question 12

Which major theoretical perspective
investigates the impact of an individual scientist’s psychological processes and personal characteristics on the development of scientific theories and research?

Answer 12

Psychology of science

Question 13

According to which major theoretical perspective, do people strive to live meaningful, happy lives, and is personality shaped by freedom of choice, response to anxiety, and awareness of death?

Answer 13

Humanistic - Existential

Question 14

According to the dispositional perspective, what is the primary focus when explaining personality?

Answer 14

Cognitive-affective units

Question 15

Which major theoretical perspective suggests that personality develops as an interaction between internal and external characteristics of a person?

Answer 15

Learning - Cognitive

Question 16

Which major theoretical perspective emphasizes that the first five years of life most shape personality and that unconscious forces are most important?

Answer 16

Psychodynamics

Question 17

Which major theoretical perspective posits that people are predisposed to behave in unique and consistent ways, and there are five trait dimensions in human personality?

Answer 17

Dispositional

Question 18

Within the learning-cognitive perspective, what explanation is given for behavior?

Answer 18

Conditions that create behavior