Prelim | Structure and Function of BV Flashcards by Eun Woo

The cardiovascular system contributes to (1) of other body systems by (2) throughout the body to deliver materials and carry away wastes.

homeostasis
transporting and distributing blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Formed a closed system of tubes that carries blood away from the heart, transports it to the tissues of the body, and then returns it to the heart.

Blood vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carry blood away from the heart to other organs.

Arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largest arteries in the body that has the largest diameter

Elastic arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elastic arteries example

aorta
pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Help propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing.

Elastic arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medium-sized arteries that contains more smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers in their tunica media.

Muscular arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscular Arteries are capable of (1) and (2) to adjust the rate of blood flow.

greater vasoconstriction
vasodilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscular arteries examples

Brachial artery in the arm
Radial artery in the forearm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel.

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increase in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel.

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abundant microscopic vessels that regulate the flow of blood into the capillary networks of the body’s tissues.

Arterioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arteriole: Literally meaning —-

small arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arterioles are known as —

resistance vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Play a key role in regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries by regulating resistance, the opposition to blood flow.

Arterioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vasoconstriction of arterioles (1) blood pressure

Vasodilation of arterioles (2) blood pressure.

increases
decreases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A microscopic channel that supplies blood to the tissues themselves

Capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A capillary is a microscopic channel that supplies blood to the tissues themselves, a process called —

Perfusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of capillaries

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The most common type of capillary and is found in almost all vascularized tissues.

Continuous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characterized by a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions
between endothelial cells.

Continuous capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has pores (or fenestrations) in addition to tight junctions in the endothelial lining.

Fenestrated capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillary permeable to larger molecules.

Fenestrated capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Least common type of
capillary

Sinusoid capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flattened and have extensive intercellular gaps and incomplete basement membrane, in addition to intercellular clefts and fenestrations.

Sinusoid capillary

Drain the capilllary blood and begin the return flow of blood back toward the heart.

Venules

Types of venules

Postcapillary venule Muscular venule

Initially receives blood from the capillaries

Postcapillary venule

Smallest venules and have loosely organized intercellular junctions.

Postcapillary venules

Function as the site of gas exchange of nutrients and wastes and white blood cell emigration

Postcapillary venules

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells that have thicker walls across which exchanges with the interstitial fluid can no longer occur

Muscular venule

Convey blood from tissues back to the heart

Veins

Types of Veins

Anastomotic Veins Superficial veins Deep veins

Double sets of veins escort the arteries and connect with one another via venous channels

Anastomotic Veins

veins within the subcutaneous layer unaccompanied by parallel arteries.

Superficial veins

veins that travel between the skeletal muscle. They anastomose with the superficial veins

Deep veins

CARDIOVASCULAR (CV) CENTER in the --- helps regulate heart rate and stroke volume.

medulla oblongata

Controls neural, hormonal, and local negative feedback systems that regulate BP and blood floow to specific tissues.

CV Center

CV center controls (1), (2), and (3) that regulate BP and blood floow to specific tissues.

1. neural 2. hormonal 3. local negative feedback systems

The three main types of sensory receptors that provide input to the cardiovascular center

1. Proprioceptors 2. Baroreceptors 3. Chemoreceptors

Monitor movements of joints and muscles and provide input to the cardiovascular center during physical activity

Proprioceptors

Monitor changes in pressure and stretch in the walls of blood vessels.

Baroreceptors

Monitor the concentration of various chemicals in the blood.

Chemoreceptors

Main blood vessels vs main vessels

Main blood vessels: 1. Arteries 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 4. Venules 5. Veins Main vessels: 1. Arteries 2. Veins

Blood circulations

Pulmonary Systemic Venous Aortic

Pulmonary circulation is mainly responsible for (1) and (2) to and from the heart.

1. suppying oxygen 2. releasing carbon dioxide

Systemic circulation is mainly responsible for (1) and vice versa

1. moving blood from the heart towards the cells of the body

Systemic Circulation

1. Coronary (cardiac) circulation 2. Cerebral circulation 3. Hepatic portal circulation

A subdivision of systemic circulation which supplies the myocardium of the heart.

Coronary (cardiac) circulation

Supplies blood to the brain

Cerebral circulation

Extends from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver

Hepatic portal circulation

Venous Circulation

1. Coronary sinus 2. SVC 3. IVC

Receives blood from other veins superior to the diaphragm.

SVC

Receives blood from the cardiac veins and drains all the tissues of the heart.

Coronary sinus

Regions being drained by SVC

head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax.

Receives blood from veins inferior to the diaphragm.

IVC

Regions involved in IVC

abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.

Aortic circulation

Ascending aorta Arch of aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta

Portion of aorta that emerges from the left ventricle posterior to the pulmonary trunk.

Ascending aorta

Descends at the level of the intervertebral disc between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae.

Arch of aorta

As the aorta continues to descend, it lies close to the vertebral bodies and is called ---

Thoracic aorta

It descends to the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra where it divides in two common iliac arteries which carry blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

Abdominal aorta

Choosing an appropriate site for venipuncture is crucial for a successful venipuncture.

Site selection

Important considerations in selecting which vein to use.

1. location 2. size 3. feel of the vein

The (1) of the vein is usually the easiest from which to draw. However, do not draw at the point where (2) as there is a (3) at these junctures.

1. widest, deepest part 2. two veins join 3. valve

SITE SELECTION It should be (1) in order for the (2) to flow easily.

1. large 2. contrast agent

SITE SELECTION The (1) is an ideal choice. The (2) is a secondary choice. The (3) is too close to arteries and veins to be a primary site. It can be used, but only with experienced supervision, usually a doctor.

1. bend of the arm 2. back of the hand 3. wrist

SITE SELECTION The veins most often used for venipuncture are located in the ---.

antecubital area

Typically the order of choice in vein selection is as follows:

Median Vein Cephalic Vein Basilic Vein

Usually the largest and fullest vein and is best anchored by the surrounding musculature of the arm.

Median vein

Next largest and next better anchored by the surrounding musculature of the arm.

Cephalic vein

Vein close to the brachial artery so there is more risk of hitting an artery

Basilic vein

This area is often more sensitive, thus a stick is slightly more painful for the patient

Basilic vein

Site Selection When selecting a site, never use the arm with the following:

1. Scarred areas 2. Side of mastectomy 3. Edomatous area 4. Hematoma 5. Blood transfusion/ dialysis 6. Fistula/ graft 7. Shunt 8. Decreased sensation SHE SSD BF

Best insertion site for patient under 6 y/o

hand (dorsal. metacarpal veins)

Best insertion site for patient 6 y/o and above

basilic/ cephalic vein

Vein must be (1) (suitable for varied uses) and (2) (able to return to shape after being pressed).

1. pliant 2. resilient

Characteristic of a vein:

1. Large enough to receive the shaft of needle. 2. Visible and palpable 3. Vein should be intact (not damaged). 4. The vein should not be thrombosed (stationary blood clot) or tortuous (complicated vein)

CV center function

Regulate heart rate and stroke volume

Prelim | Structure and Function of BV Flashcards

(79 cards)