Preliminary 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Cardinal points/Cardinal directions
A
North
South
East
West
2
Q
4 oceans of the world
A
Indian ocean
Pacific ocean
Arctic ocean
Atlantic ocean
3
Q
Water cover up ____ of the earth
A
2/3
4
Q
7 continents
A
Asia Africa Europe North America South America Antarctica Australia and the Oceania
5
Q
Most popular destination
A
United States of America
6
Q
Most populous nation
A
China 1.3 Billion
7
Q
2nd populous nation
A
India 1B
8
Q
USSR
A
Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
9
Q
Smallest continent and largest island
A
Australia
10
Q
Only continent occupied by one nation
A
Australia
11
Q
How many Southeast Asia Nation
A
10
12
Q
10 ASEAN nation
A
Myanmar Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Malaysia Singapore Laos Philippines Indonesia Brunei
13
Q
Time of Philippines
A
GMT +8
14
Q
North
A
12 o clock
15
Q
East
A
3 o clock
16
Q
South
A
6 o clock
17
Q
West
A
9 o clock
18
Q
World
A
360 degrees
19
Q
Prime meridian
A
GMT 0 degree
20
Q
Latitude drawing
A
Longitude drawing
21
Q
Illustrates Physical features of an area such as mountains, rivers and lakes. The water is usually shown in blue. It has legends
A
Physical map
22
Q
Give general info about climate and precipitation of the reigions. Map makers use different colors to show different climate
A
Climate/Climatic map
23
Q
Describe the natural resources or economic activities dominates an area of a map
A
Economic or Resource map
24
Q
Contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area
A
Topographic map
25
Showing signs and major ends of major and minor road, highways, airports
Road maps
26
Shows remarkable happenings in every area. It reflects historical phenomena and events that illustrate the interpendent of development of physique and geographic factors
Historical map
27
Philippines
Near the equator tropical
28
Farther of every area
Degrees
29
Latitude
15 degrees
30
Longitude
0 degrees
31
Seven continents of the world
```
11,970,000 area in square mile
11,507,000 area in square mile
8,813,000 area in square mile
8,260,000 area in square mile
6,765,000 area in square mile
5,405,000 area in square mile
3,254,000 area in square mile
```
32
World's 10 largest lakes
```
Caspian sea 143,244 area in square mile
Lake Superior 31,700 area in square mile
Lake Victoria 26,828 area in square mile
Aral Sea 24,904 area in square mile
Lake Hiron 23,0000 area in square mile
Lake Michigan 22,300 area in square mile
Lake Tanganyika 12,700 area in square mile
Lake Baikal 12,162 area in square mile
Great Bear Lake 12, 096 area in square mile
Lake Nyasa 11,150 area in square mile
```
33
It is the study of physical features of the earth
Geography
34
The four main points of the compass
Cardinal points
35
Sun rises in the___
East direction
36
Sun sets in the ___
West direction
37
It is the imaginary line traveling horizontally around the globe. It is equidistant to each other
Latitude
38
Lines on the globe for horizontally/horizontal (draw)
Parallel of latitudes
39
Circle the earth from east to west
Lines of Latitude/Parallels
40
These lines are same distance apart about 1 degree or 69 miles
Lines of Latitude/Parallels
41
Each degree is further divided into smaller lines
1 degree: 60 minutes
| 1 minute: 60 second
42
Traveling vertically around the globe. It is not parallel
Longitude/Meridian
43
0 degrees longitude
Prime meridian
44
Lines that run from north to south on earth
Meridians of Longitude
45
These lines measured the same as parallel of latitude in degrees, minutes and seconds
Meridians of longitude
46
Unlike parallel of latitude, they intersect at the north and south poles
Meridians of longitude
47
The 0 degree prime meridian passes through the observatory in ___
Greenwich, UK
48
It lies 0 degree latitude halfway between the north and south pole
Equator
49
Half of the earth's surface
Hemisphere
50
The Four Hemisphere
Northern and Southern Hemisphere divided by the equator (0 degree latitude)
Eastern and Western divided by the prime meridian (0 degree longitude)
International Date Line (180 degree)
51
Significant lines of latitude
Tropic of Cancer(23. 5 degree North) and Arctic Circle (66.5 degree North) (North of the Equator)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degree South)and Antarctic Circle (66.5 degree South) (South of the Equator)
52
The regions of earth in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and are known for hot temperatures and dense forests
Tropics
53
The regions of earth in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the North are known for four seasons:
Winter
Summer
Autumm
Spring
54
The regions of earth in between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the South is also known for its four seasons:
Summer
Winter
Autumn
Spring
55
It is the representation of a physical plane with a selective information
Map
56
It represents infinite area and contain detailed geographic information
Map
57
Types of maps
```
Road map
Political map
Historical map
Topographic map
Climate map
Physical map
Resource map
Physical map
```
58
It does not show physical features instead they indicate state and national boundaries and capital and major cities
Political map
59
Map makers
Cartographers
60
It has alter-silicate solid crust, a highly vicious mantle, a liquid-alter core that is less vicious than the mantle and a solid inner core
Earth
61
Structure of the earth consists of the
Crust
Mantle
Core
62
It is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite
Crust
63
The thinnest of the layers flows on the semi-liquid mantle beneath
Earth's crust
64
It consists of all kinds of rocks, soil and everything you see above the earth;s surface
Crust
65
The land on which we walk is almost 3 times thicker that the __ under the oceans
Crust
66
It extends about 25 miles
Crust
67
It is the thick layer of rock which is partly molten and running
Mantle
68
The earth's crust floats in this layer
Mantle
69
It is made of thick, solid rocky substance it mounts about 85% of the total mass of earth
Mantle
70
The first __ of the mantle consists of very hard rigid rocks.
50 miles
71
The next ___ of the mantle are made up of super hot solid rocks.
150 miles
72
Below that for the next ___, the earth's mantle is believed to be made up of very solid and sturdy rock materials.
several hundred miles
73
The mantle is about __
1,800 miles
74
By far the largest layer on earth
Mantle
75
The earth's __ of the earth is a fluid layer about ___ composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies about earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies __ beneath's earth's surface
Outer core
2,200 km
2,890 km
76
It is made up of super hot, liquid molten substance called __
Outercore
| Lava
77
It is believed to be made of iron and nickel. It extends to a depth of __ beneath the surface
Lava
| 3,000
78
The earth's innermost part. According to seismological studies, it has been believed to be primarily a solid ball with a radius of __ It is composed of an iron, nickel, alloy and some light elements
Inner core
| 1,220 km or 768 miles
79
It extends another __ towards the center of the earth.
900 miles
80
It occupies less than 1% of earth's volume
Crust
81
It is the hottest part of the earth and it is as hot as the surface of the sun
Inner core
82
Physical or natural features of the earth
```
Mountain
Islands
Dessert
Rainforest
Oceans
River
Grassland
Volcanoes
Lakes
```
83
Large, natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level steep sloping slides or sharp rounded edges
Mountains
84
Highest point
Peak or summit
85
Mountain range
Series of mountains that are close together
86
30 of the world's largest mountains are in the __
Himalayas
87
Highest mountains on each continents:
```
Asia: Mt. Everest (29,035 ft.)
Africa: Mt. Kilimanjaro (19,340 ft.)
North America: Mt. Mckinley (20,320 ft)
South Africa: Mt. Aconcagua (22,834 ft)
Australia: Mt. Kosciusko (7,310 ft)
Antarctica: Vinson Massif (16,066 ft)
Europe: Mt. Elbrus (18,510 ft)
```
88
Areas that are dominated by grasses and have few or no trees
Grasslands
89
They are found when there is not enough regular rainfall to support the growth of forest but not so as to form a dessert. In fact, they are found between forest and desserts
Grassland
90
One quarter of earth is covered
Grasslands
91
Two different kinds of Grasslands
Tropical
| Temperate
92
They are warm all year round but usually have a dry and rainy season
Tropical grasslands
93
They have shorter grasses, sometimes just a few millimeters
Temperate grasslands
94
An area of land that receives no more than 10 precipitations a year
Desert
95
Most of them far from being empty and lifeless are home to a variety of plants and animals
Desert
96
Large natural stream of flowing water. Other flows seasonally or during wet years
Rivers
97
The longest two rivers in the world
Nile River, Africa
| Amazon River, South America
98
Land area completely surrounded by water
Islands
99
Countries made up of islands
```
Bahamas
Japan
Indonesia
Philippines
New Zealand
```
100
Related islands such as the Philippines are called
Archipelago
101
Two types of islands
Continental and Oceanic
102
Largest islands in the world in square miles
```
Greenland, North Atlantic (823,000)
New Guinea, Southwest Pacific (309,000)
Borneo, Indonesia, (280,000)
Madagascar, Africa (227,000)
Baffin, Canada (196,000)
Sumatra, Indonesia (164,000)
Honshu, Japan (88,000)
Great Britain, Off-coast NW Europe (83,698)
Victoria, Canada (83,896)
Ellesmere,Canada(76,000)
```
103
Opening earth's crust that allows mountain rock from beneath the crust to reach the surface
Volcano
104
Molten rock when it is beneath the crust to reach the surface
Magma
105
When it erupts or flows from a volcano
Lava
106
Large bodies of water that are comprised of salt water
Oceans and Seas
107
They cover approx 70% of the earth's surface that is made up of 5 different oceans:
Oceans and Seas
```
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
Southern
```
108
It can be described as a tall, dense jungle
Rainforest
109
It is called that for the reason of the amount of rainfall it get in a year
Rainforest
110
The world's largest tropical rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest
111
Famous landmarks
```
Christ the Redeemer, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Mount Fuji, Japan
Uluru-Kata,Tjuta/Ayers Rock, Australia
The Colosseum, Rome, Italy
Golden Gate Bridge, USA
Stonehenge, Wilshire, England
Eiffel Tower, Paris, France
Pyramid, Giza, Egypt
Taj Mahal, India
```
112
It was consecrated on October 12, 2006 and it was one of the new 7 wonders of the world on July 7, 2007
The Art deco sculpture in the world, an icon of Rio
Christ the Redeemer
113
It was added to the World Heritage List as a cultural site on June 22, 2013
The highest mountain in a country is an active volcano
Mount Fuji, Honshu Island, Japan
114
It is found on Northern Territory Australia It was listed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was renamed as Ayers PArk on November 6, 2002
The sandstone rock is a sacred site for the Native Australians, who believe that spirits of the dead live here
Uluru
115
UNESCO
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation
116
It was included in the new Seven Wonders of the World. In 1980, it was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO
Built in AD 70, the arena could hold 50,000 spectators. It stands as the symbol of glorious roman Empire and the bloody gladiator fights
The Colosseum
117
It was listed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site on 1986. The enigmatic monument of Neolithic and Bronze Age, it was a religious site
Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England
118
The constructions started on January 5,1933. It was first proposed in 1872. The engineering wonder is a symbol of the West Coast
Goldengate Bridge
119
It was constructed on January 28, 1887. The symbol of Paris, icon of the cityscape and the best view to the capital
The Eiffel Tower
120
It is located at the center of the landmass of the earth. It was one of the 7 Asian wonders of the world on September 6, 2005. It is situated in the desert, on the outskirts of Cairo
Pyramids, Giza
121
Located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh India. It means crown palace. Beginning around 1632 finishing on 1653. The emperor was devastated after his wife had died in labor and commissioned to built the white marble mausoleum monument in her memory
Taj Mahal
122
It is listed as a World Heritage Site on 1987 and its is one of oldest, largest, most celebrated achievement of human ingenuity. The wall that can be seen for cenTuries. The first walls were erected in the 7th century bC. During the Ming Dynasty, (1368-1644) the wall has already become the largest military structure in the world
The Great Wall of China
123
It is the nickname for the great bell of clock connected to the Palace of Westminster. It is also called the Elizabeth Tower and a clock toiwer. It is finished on May 31, 1859
Big Ben, England
124
It began August 9, 1173. It is located in Italy. It got its name in 600 BC from a Greek word meaning "marshy land"
The Leaning Tower of Pisa
125
It's a two-storey skyscraper located in mid-town Manhattan in NYC. It stands 1,454 ft high. Completed in 1931. The building has 103 floors at roof height is 1,250 ft
Empire State Building
126
It is located in NYC and it was completed in 1883. It took 14 years and around $15 M to complete
Brooklyn Bridge
127
Earth's Highest Mountain 29, 029 ft The summit is the border to the south and China Tibet on the North
Mt. Everest, Nepal
128
It is located in Turkey and popularly known between 1609-1660 . Also known as the Sultanahmet Mosque named after Sultan Ahmet I who wished to build an Islamic place of worship that would compete with the Hagia Sophia
Blue Mosque
129
A major commercial intersection in Manhattan NYC. It is known for the crossroad othe world. 330,000
people passes daily. Formerly known as Longacre Square, it was renamed on April 1904
Times Square
130
It was one of the site in the Athens. Volcanic eruption 16 BC sharing its rugged landscape. It sits in the water-filled caldera of a massive volcano that is thought to have ended Minoan civilization. Before, it was called Kalliste meaning "the most beautiful one"
Santorini, Greece
131
It is a historic fort complex situated in Moscow. It means fortress, It is the largest fortress in Europe including five palaces and four cathedrals
Kremlin
132
It is a significant accumulation of water generally on a planet surface
Water body/ Bodies of water
133
Largest body of water. It is made up of saltwater
Ocean
134
It covers 1/3 of earth's surface
Pacific Ocean
135
Oceans of the World (Largest to Smallest) in square miles
```
Pacific Ocean- 60,060,700
Atlantic Ocean -29,637,900
Indian Ocean- 24,469,900
Southern Ocean- 7,848,300
Arctic Ocean- 5,427,000
```
136
Top 10 Deepest Oceans in the World in meters
```
Pacific Ocean- 10, 914
Atlantic Ocean- 12, 219
Indian Ocean- 14, 155
Southern Ocean- 16, 136
Caribbean Sea- 18, 616
Arctic Ocean- 19,621
South China Sea- 20, 112
Bering Sea- 21, 173
Mediterranean Sea- 24,131
Gulf of Mexico- 25, 187
```
137
Smaller bodies of water than ocean but still larger that water bodies. Partly enclosed by land mass and closely connected to an ocean
Sea
138
It is a body of water completely enscapulated by land
Lake
139
When a lake is very large is considered as a
Sea
140
It can either be salt or freshwater
Lakes
141
Top 10 Largest Lakes of the World (Largest to Smallest) in square miles
```
Caspies Sea- 143, 244 (Kazakhstan)
Lake Superior- 31, 700 (Canada)
Lake Victoria -26, 828 (Africa)
Aral Sea-29,904 (Russia)
Lake Huron- 23,000 (Canada)
Lake Michigan- 22, 300 (USA)
Lake Tanganyika- 12, 700 (Africa)
Lake Baikal-12,162 (Russia)
Great Bear Lake- 12,096 (Canada)
Lake Nyasa/Malawi- 11, 150 (Africa)
```
142
Top 10 Deepest Lakes in the World in ft
```
Lake Matano- 1,936 (Indonesia)
Lake Crater- 1, 949 (USA)
Lake Great Slave -2,015
Lake Issyk Kul- 2,192 (Krygyzstan)
Lake Malawi- 2, 316 (Africa)
Lake O' Higgins- San Martin -2,742 (Argentina)
Lake Vosok- 3,300 (Russia)
Caspian Sea- 3,363
Lake Tanganyika- 4,823
Lake Baikal- 5,369 (Siberia)
```
143
Large flowing water that typically ends in ocean or sea
River
143
Top 10 Longest River on Earth in le mi
```
Nile- 4,160 (Africa)
Amazon- 4,000 (Amazon)
Chang Jiang- 3,964 (China)
Huang He/Yellow River- 3,395 (China)
Ob-Irtysh- 3,362 (Russia)
Amur- 2,744 (Asia)
Lena- 2,734 (Russia)
Congo- 2,718 (Africa)
MacKenzie- 2,635 (Canada)
Mekong- 2,600 (Vietnam)
```
144
One of the several very large land masses on earth
Continents
145
Nearly covers 9% of the earth's surface making it the largest of continents
Asia
146
Subdivided into 48 countries
Asia
147
Largest country in Africa
Nigeria
148
The western portion of the Eurasian landmass
Europe
149
Home to about 11% of the earth's population. The second most densely continent
Europe
150
Largest city in North America
Mexico City
151
Home to 8% of the world's population
North America
152
Largest City in South America
South Paolo, Brazil
153
Southernmost landmass on earth
Antarctica
154
Least populated country on earth
Antarctica
155
Largest city in Australia
Sydney
156
Top 10 Tallest Mountains on Earth in ft
```
Mt. Everest-29,016 (Nepal/Tibet)
K2- 28, 250 (Pakistan)
Kanchejunga- 28, 169 (Nepal/India)
Makalu- 27, 765 (Nepal/Tibet)
Cho Oyu- 29, 906 (Nepal/Tibet)
Dhaulagiri- 26,794 (Nepal)
Manaslu- 26, 758 (Nepal)
Nanga Parbat- 26, 658 (Pakistan)
Anapurna- 26, 545 (Nepal)
```
157
Top 10 Biggest Desserts on Earth area in square miles
```
Sahara- 3, 500,000 (Africa)
Arabian- 1,000,000 (Arabia)
Gobi- 500,000 (China)
Patagonian- 260,000 (Argentina)
Rub'al Khali- 250,000 (South Arabia)
Great Victoria- 250,000 (Australia)
Kalahari- 220,000 (Africa)
Great Basin- 190,000 (Nevada)
Chihuahuan- 175,000 (Mexico)
Thar- 175,000 (India/Pakistan)
```
158
Top 10 Biggest Cities on Earth (Most populous)
```
Tokyo, Japan- 34 M
Mexico City, Mexico-18 M
NYC, USA- 17.8 M
South Paolo,Brazil- 17.1 M
Numbai, -15.1 M
Calcutta, India- 13 M
Shanghai, China- 12.9 M
Buenos Aires, Argentina- 12.6 M
New Delhi, India- 12.4 M
LA, USA- 11.8 M
```
159
Second largest continent and the second most populous in the world
Africa
160
Composed of 51 countries
Europe
161
Second smallest continent
Europe
162
Political Structures in Europe and Africa
```
Parliamentary Republic
Parliamentary Democracy
Federal Republic
Republic
Federal Parliamentary Democracy
Constitutional REpublic
Canon Law
Apostolic Constitution
Multi-Party Democracy
In-Transition
Islamic
France Overseas Department
Representative Democract
```
163
It is a type of republic that operates under parliamentary system of the government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and accountable of the legislature (the parliament)
Parliamentary Republic
164
Legislative elected body of the governement
Parliamentary Republic
165
Parliamentary Functions
Representing the electorate
Making laws
Overseeing the government
166
Top 10 Biggest Country area in square mile
```
Russia- 6.59 M
Canada- 3.86 M
China- 3.70 M
USA- 3.71 M
Brazil- 3.27 M
Australia- 2.94 M
India- 1.15 M
Argentina- 1.06 M
Kazakhstan- 1.05 M
Algeria- 0.9 M
```
167
Largest freshwater lake
Lake Superior
168
Deepest ocean and largest ocean
Pacific Ocean (13,250 ft)
169
Smallest ocean
Arctic Ocean 5,427 sq m
170
Largest Gulf
Gulf of Mexico 16,000 sq m
171
Largest Bay
Bay of Bengal
172
Largest Island
Greenland 839,999 sq mile
173
Longest Peninsula
Arabia 1,352,000 sq mile
174
Largest falls
Angel Falls in Venezuela, 3, 212 ft high
175
Access to 170 countries passport
Germany
176
Most corrupt in the Philippines
DepEd
177
It is a form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties)with the greatest representation in the parliament forms government
Parliamentary Democracy
178
It is lead by prime minister or chancellor highest position in the government
Parliamentary Democracy
179
The government is ruled by the laws
Parliamentary Democracy
180
It is a type of government made up of smaller areas such as states, provinces where the central government cedes certain power to the individual areas of self-government purposes
Federal Republic
181
The citizens of this elect their own representative to lead them
Federal Republic
182
It is a sovereign state/ country which organizing the form of government in which power resides in elective individuals representing citizen-body, government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law
Republic
183
A monarch who can interfere government is an inherently a democratic institutuin. It differs from absolute monarchy in which a monarch holds absolute power
Federal Parliamentary Democracy with a Constitutional Monarchy
184
It is a states where officials elected as representatives of the people and must govern by the constitutional law that limits the government's power over the citizen
Constitutional republic
185
It is a system of law and ladle principles made and enforced by the hierarchy of authorities. It is composed of bishop, priest and deacons, to regulate an external organization of government to order and direct the activities of catholics toward the mission of the church
Canon law
186
It is the highest level of decree issued by the pope. Takes place of framework absolute elective monarchy. The pope (leader) exercise pre-legislative, executive, judicial power over the state of the Vatican City. 2 countries: Vatican City and Saudi Arabia
Autocratic Theory
187
System on which multiple political parties across political spectrum run a national election. All have the capacity to gain control in the government offices made separately or in coalition
Multiple-Party System
188
Countries Multiple Party System
Africa: Angola, Malawi
189
Authority belonging to the religious leader and Pope Francis as the. Theocratic election-cardinals vote new pope. Black smoke- no pop white smoke- new pope
Theocratic Monarchy
190
It is when a country changes its political structure from one to another
In Transition
191
Formed by the people in the media
Coined by various Muslim Leader
teaching of Quoran relates to economic
Islamic Arabic Socialist "Mass State"
| Libya
192
Outside Metropolitan France same as Metropolitan Department
Africa: Reunion
193
Governments that have come to power though more a legitimate passes than those on democratic system
Emerging Democratic System
194
It is a monarchy in which governing powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution. It differs from absolute monarchy in which a monarch has absolute power
Constitutional Monarchy
