Preliminary Term Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity
A
Health
WHO, 1948
2
Q
- a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living
- a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
A
Health
WHO, 1986
3
Q
refers to the ability of a body to adapt to new threats and infirmities
A
Health
The LANCET, 2006
4
Q
Different Types of Health (6)
A
- Physical
- Mental
- Spiritual
- Emotional
- Social
- Environmental
5
Q
refers to the state of your physical body and how well it is operating
A
Physical Health
6
Q
promotes proper care of our bodies for optimal health and functioning
A
Physical Health
7
Q
Components of Physical Health (5)
A
- Physical Activity
- Nutrition and Diet
- Alcohol and Drugs
- Medical Self-Care
- Rest and Sleep
8
Q
component of physical health that includes strength, flexibility, and endurance
A
Physical Activity
9
Q
component of physical health that includes nutrient intake, fluid intake, and healthy digestion
A
Nutrition and Diet
10
Q
component of physical health that includes the abstinence from or reduced consumption of these substances
A
Alcohol and Drugs
11
Q
component of physical health that includes addressing minor ailments or injuries and seeking emergency care as necessary
A
Medical Self-Care
12
Q
component of physical health that includes periodic rest and relaxation, along with high-quality sleep
A
Rest and Sleep
13
Q
- a level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental illness
- psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
A
Mental Health
14
Q
include mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities as well as
other mental states associated with significant distress, impairment in functioning, or risk of self-harm
A
Mental Health Conditions
15
Q
According to WHO, the determinants of mental health include:
A
- individual psychological and biological factors (i.e. emotional skills, substance use, genetics)
- exposure to unfavorable social, economic, geopolitical, and environmental circumstances (i.e. poverty, violence, inequality, environmental deprivation)
16
Q
Examples of mental self-care activities
A
- Getting regular exercise
- Reading a book
- Learning a new hobby or skill
- Listening to a podcast
- Doing a digital detox
- Practicing mindfulness
17
Q
refers to possessing, meaning, and purpose in life; having a clear set of beliefs, and living by your morals, values, and ethics
A
Spiritual Health
18
Q
essentially it means understanding and having a clear definition of what is right and wrong and living according to this understanding
A
Spiritual Health
19
Q
Factors that play a part in defining spirituality
A
- religious faith
- beliefs
- values
- ethics
- principles
- morals
20
Q
- allows us to find the inner calm and peace needed to get through whatever life brings, no matter what one’s beliefs are or where they may be on your spiritual journey
- gained by growing in personal relationships with others, or through being at peace with nature
A
Spirituality
21
Q
ways to improve spiritual health
A
- Connect with your faith community
- Volunteer or help others
- Practice yoga
- Meditate
- Keep a journal
- Spend time in nature
- Focus on your hobbies
- Speak with a chaplain or someone you trust
22
Q
often described as the capacity to identify and manage your emotions and feelings, as well as the emotions of those around you
A
Emotional Health
23
Q
involves developing the ability to
express and manage emotions in healthy ways, such as being able to handle stress and take
responsibility for your own feelings
A
Emotional Health
24
Q
involves having a good understanding of your self-worth, regulating your emotions, and maintaining good relationships with others
A
Emotional Health
25
* caused by a reaction to a situation or person and may even be the result of past experiences or trauma
* can cause one to feel overwhelmed and emotionally unstable, often resulting in feelings of sadness, fear, and anger
Emotional Triggers
26
* includes rational thinking, good decision-making, and managing difficult situations
* associated with a person’s overall mental well-being
Mental Health
27
* related to the ability to manage your moods and feelings
* can include the ability to regulate emotions like stress, anger, sadness, and joy in order to have healthy relationships
Emotional Health
28
To have good overall psychological health, working to maintain a healthy balance of both ____ and ____ health is necessary.
mental and emotional
29
* involves processing information, storing it in memory and understanding this information
* involves cognitive processes
* has a wider scope
Mental Health
30
* involves the ability to control and express emotions appropriately
* involves emotions and feelings
* has a limited scope
Emotional Health
31
True or False: Being emotionally overwhelmed can lead to crying, even if the person is not depressed.
True
32
Difficulties with controlling emotions are a common sign of ___.
Emotional Distress
33
* can be defined as our ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with others
* also relates to how comfortably we can adapt to social situations
Social Health
34
Signs of good social health
* Balancing your social and personal time
* Being your true self at all times
* Engaging with people in your community
* Treating others with respect
* Maintaining and building strong relationships with friends
* Creating healthy boundaries that help with communication, trust and conflict management
* Turning to friends and family for support
* Communicating effectively
35
* refers to aspects of human health (including quality of life) that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment
* examines the interaction between the environment and health
Environmental Health
36
a major determinant of our health and well-being
the environment in which we live in
37
We depend on the environment for energy and the materials needed to sustain life, such as:
* Clean air
* Safe drinking water
* Nutritious food
* Safe places to live
38
# Environmental exposure
outdoor air pollution
respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer
39
# Environmental exposure
unsafe drinking water
diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses
40
# Environmental exposure
contaminated recreational water
diarrhoeal (gastrointestinal) illnesses; eye, ear nose, throat infections
41
# Environmental exposure
mosquitoes, ticks, and other vectors
malaria, dengue fever, Rickettsial disease
42
# Environmental exposure
too much UV exposure
melanoma, non-melanoma cancer, eye cataracts
43
# Environmental exposure
too little UV exposure
vit D deficiency leading to rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
44
# Environmental exposure
second-hand smoke exposure in infants
low birthweightm sudden unexpected death in infancy
45
# Environmental exposure
second-hand smoke exposure in children
asthma, lower respiratory infections, middle ear infections
46
# Environmental exposure
second-hand smoke exposure in adults
ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer
47
# Environmental exposure
household crowding
infectious diseases including lower respiratory infections
48
# Environmental exposure
cold and damp housing
excess mortality
49
# Environmental exposure
climate change
infectious diseases including giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis; heat stroke
50
# Environmental exposure
hazardous substance
poisoning, burns, dermatitis
51
# Environmental exposure
Lead
in children: developmental delays, behavioral problems
in adults: increased blood pressure
52
# Environmental exposure
asbestos
breathing difficulties, lung cancer, mesothelioma
53
# Environmental exposure
noise
hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, insomnia, psychophysiological problems
54
the active pursuit of activities, choices, and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic health
Wellness
| Global Wellness Institute
55
act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis to attain better physical and mental health outcomes so that instead of just surviving, you’re thriving
Wellness
| Pfizer
56
failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
Disease
57
Ecologic concept of disease based on 3 premises of the biologic laws:
1. Disease is a result of the imbalance between the forces of the agent and the host
2. The resulting imbalance depends on the nature of the agent and the host
3. The nature of the agent and the host and their interaction depend on the environment
58
complete disease process starting from without or within the individual resulting in changes in body form and function until equilibrium is reached, or recovery or death of the individual
Natural History of Disease
59
phases of disease (5)
1. Portal of Entry
2. Incubation Period
3. Clinical Manifestation of Disease or Clinical Horizon
4. Outcome of Disease
5. Period of Communicability
60
Portal of Entry (5)
1. Respiratory Tract
2. Genito-Urinary Tract
3. Gastro-Intestinal Tract
4. Skin
5. Blood Stream
61
Interval between the time of entry of the agent into the host and onset of signs and symptoms of disease, it varies from one disease to another
Incubation Period
62
characteristic signs and symptoms commonly observed in clinical manifestations of diseases
* Fever
* Rash
* Other symptoms like jaundice (viral hepatitis, yellow fever, leptospirosis, infectious mononucleosis syphilis, fatigue, convulsion)
63
common localized symptoms associated with diseases
* nausea
* vomiting
* diarrhea
* cough
* pain
* local swelling
64
physiological abnormalities that might be observed in clinical manifestations
abnormal measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration
65
types of laboratory tests that can provide positive indications of disease
urine analysis, blood tests, stool tests
66
potential outcomes of a disease
* Chronic condition
* Carrier state
* Temporary disability
* Permanent disability
* Death
* Complete recovery
67
the period during which the patient is infectious
Period of Communicability
68
the organic body where the agent depends for survival
Host
69
influenced by sex, age, nutrition, heredity, and personality development; habits and customs, race, previous experience
Resistance/Susceptibility
70
71
climate, housing, healthcare settings, travel
Environment
72
viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
Agent
73
human, animal
Host
74
the substance or force whose presence or absence causes disease
Agent
75
Types of Disease Agents (5)
1. Biologic
2. Physical
3. Chemical
4. Nutrient
5. Mechanical
76
Characteristics of Agents (4)
1. Mode of transmission
2. Virulence
3. Organ of Parasitism
4. Immunity conferred
77
a measure of the severity of the reaction
Virulence
78
living agents that parasitize man
(i.e. arthropods, helminths, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses)
Biologic Agent
79
classified as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Nutrient Agent
80
agents that may be classifies according to the mode of acquisition
Chemical Agent
81
this category comprises such factors as abnormalities at atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity in industry
Physical Agent
82
these agents are chronic friction and other mechanical forces that add unusual stresses to body mechanisms resulting in crushing, tearing, penetrating, wounds, sprains, dislocations, fractures
Mechanical Agent
83
# Biological Agents
flies, lice, ticks, mites, fleas
arthropods
84
84
# Biological Agents
ascaris, schistosomes, hookworms
helminths
85
# Biological Agent
malaria, amoebae, leishmania
protozoa
86
# Biological Agent
actinomycetes, monilia, histoplasma
fungi
87
# Biological Agent
cholera vibrio, streptococci, salmonella
bacteria
88
# Biological Agent
R. prowaseki, R. quintana
Rickettsia
89
# Biological Agent
influenza virus, psittacosis virus
virus
90
the sum of all forces that influence the growth and development of an organism
Environment
91
Components of the Environment (3)
1. Physical
2. Socio-Economic
3. Biologic
92
# Components of the Environment
includes the geological structure of the area such as the hills, valleys, plateaus, soil, and
rock composition, and the presence of water, plants, et
Physical
93
# Components of the Environment
The richer the area, the better the environmental sanitation, disposal of sewage and garbage,
availability of medical facilities, etc.
Socio-economic
94
# Components of the Environment
* includes the “universe of living things that surround man, all else than man himself.”
* the animals man uses for food and for the beast of burden, plants he uses for food, etc., the arthropods and microorganisms found in the air, soil and water
Biologic
95
Reservoirs of Infection (5)
1. Man
2. Animal
3. Inanimate organic matter
4. Plant
5. Soil
96
thing, person, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes immediately to a host
Sources of Infections
