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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY > PRELIMS > Flashcards

PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

relying on our guts, our emotions, and/or our instincts to guide us.

A

INTUITION

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2
Q

One of the most common methods of acquiring knowledge. involves accepting new ideas because some authority figure
states that they are true

A

AUTHORITY

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3
Q

Using logic and reasoning to acquire new knowledge. Problem with this method is that if the premises are wrong or there is an error in logic then the conclusion will not be valid.

A

RATIONALISM

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4
Q

Acquiring knowledge through observation and experience. Visual illusions trick our senses that illustrates the problems with relying on empiricism alone to derive knowledge.

A

EMPIRICISM

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5
Q

process of systematically collecting and evaluating
evidence to test ideas and answer questions.

A

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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6
Q

generally conducted by people with doctoral degrees and master’s degrees in psychology and related fields, often
supported by research assistants with bachelor’s degrees or other relevant training.

A

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST

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7
Q

The activities of clinical and counseling psychologists,
school psychologists, marriage and family therapists, licensed clinical social workers, and others who work with people individually or in small groups to identify and help address their psychological problems.

A

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

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8
Q

Examples of Empirically Supported Treatments

A
  1. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
  2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  3. Behavioral Couples Therapy
  4. Exposure Therapy
  5. Family-based Treatment
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9
Q

direct observations of our own and others’
behavior as well as secondhand observations from non-scientific sources such as newspapers, books, blogs, and so
on

A

INFORMAL OBSERVATION

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10
Q

Inspire research ideas, leading directly to applied research
in such domains as law, health, education, and sports

A

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

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11
Q

the most common inspiration for new research idea. Find
inspiration by picking up a copy of almost any professional journal and reading the titles and abstracts

A

PREVIOUS RESEARCH

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12
Q

Look closely in a section where researchers
summarize their results, and suggest directions
for future research.

A

GENERATING GOOD RESEARCH QUESTION

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13
Q

2 CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

A

INTERESTINGNESS AND FEASIBILITY

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14
Q

a specific prediction about a new
phenomenon that should be observed if a
particular theory is accurate.

A

HYPOTHESIS

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15
Q

Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis

A
  1. must be testable and falsifiable
  2. must be logical
  3. should be positive
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16
Q

record observations at different time intervals

A

TIME SAMPLING

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17
Q

record every instance of the behavior or event

A

EVENT SAMPLING

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18
Q

observe the behavior in more than one situation

A

SITUATIONAL SAMPLING

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19
Q

observing subjects in their natural environment

A

NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION

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20
Q

Alteration of performance due to awareness of being observed. To avoid reactivity, must conduct unobtrusive observation and unobtrusive measure.

A

REACTIVITY

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21
Q

A technique that attempts to determine how two or more variables are related. It does not involve manipulation of data.

A

RELATIONAL APPROACH

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22
Q

Allows the researcher to determine
simultaneously the degree and direction of
relationship between two variables

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

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23
Q

measures the degree and direction of the relationship between two variables

A

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

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24
Q

a statistical formula that measures the strength between variables and relationships

A

PEARSON’S CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OR PEARSON’S R

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25
Q

a third variable in a study examining a potential cause and effect relationship

A

CONFOUNDING VARIABLES

26
Q

detailed examination of one individual, but may also involve comparison of a small number of individuals

A

CASE STUDY

27
Q

gather detailed, self-reported information from a large number of individuals

A

SURVEY

28
Q

much more common in some areas of psychology than in others.

A

SURVEY RESEARCH

29
Q

occurs when the environment is
systemically manipulated so that the causal effect
of this manipulation on some behaviour can be
observed.

A

EXPERIMENT

30
Q

Typically well planned, with the investigator having a
clear idea of the anticipated outcome. It tries to pit against each other two theories that make different predictions.

A

CRITICAL EXPERIMENT

31
Q

Researchers perform an experiment in the absence of
a compelling theory just to see what happens.

A

WHAT-IF EXPERIMENT

32
Q

Better way to replicate is to extend the
previous procedure by adding something
new while retaining something old.

A

TO REPEAT OR REPLICATE A PREVIOUS FINDING

33
Q

Are the gears and cogs that make experiments
run. Effective selection and manipulation of
variables make the difference between a good
experiment and a poor one

A

VARIABLES

34
Q

Makes the streamlining of conducting
experiments as efficiently and as effectively as
possible.

A

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

35
Q

FOUR CRITERIA OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

A

a) Independent variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Random assignment
d) Control group

36
Q

different participants are assigned to different
conditions or treatments.

A

BETWEEN SUBJECTS DESIGN

37
Q

the same participants are used to test all
conditions or treatments.

A

WITHIN SUBJECTS DESIGN

38
Q

experiments with a small number of participants, often less
than 20.

A

SMALL N-DESIGN

39
Q

Combines elements of both between-subjects and within subjects designs. In a mixed design, some participants are assigned to different conditions, while others are tested under multiple conditions.

A

MIXED DESIGN

40
Q

The group does not receive the levels of interest
of the independent variable

A

CONTROL GROUPS AND CONDITIONS

41
Q

Using the technique of naturalistic observation requires that the scientist wait patiently until the conditions of interest occur

A

ECONOMY

42
Q

Research participants, knowing they are under a magnifying glass, change the way they act or the things they say. It
can be subconscious or deliberate

A

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

43
Q

he tendency on the part of the experimenter/researcher to influence the participants or to interpret the data/findings to
arrive at the result they are seeking to obtain.

A

EXPERIMENTER EFFECT

44
Q

a study in which both the person implementing the
experiment and the participant (s) are not aware of which individual is receiving the experimental treatment.

A

DOUBLE-BLIND EXPERIMENT

45
Q

making generalizations from a sample to a population

A

RANDOM SELECTION

46
Q

produce comparison groups that are similar in all
possible factors

A

RANDOM ASSIGNMENT

47
Q

process in which participants are provided with
information about a research study and
are asked to agree to participate

A

INFORMED CONSENT

48
Q

refers to the practice of misleading participants about the true nature of the study or the information being collected.

A

DECEPTION

49
Q

a process in which participants are informed about the true
nature of a research study after it has been completed.

A

DEBRIEFING

50
Q

the practice of keeping participants’ personal and sensitive
information private and secure.

A

CONFIDENTIALITY

51
Q

neglecting the rights and interests of other species

A

SPIECIESISM

52
Q

direct, specific repetitions of research.

A

REPLICATIONS

53
Q

taking credit for someone else’s ideas, data, or words.

A

PLAGIARISM

54
Q

are short summaries (180 words or less) of the experiments.

A

ABSTRACTS

55
Q

typically occupy a prominent place in a given journal issue, such as the inside front cover, back cover, or first page.

A

TITLE AND AUTHOR

56
Q

a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly

A

ABSTRACT

57
Q

specifies the problem to be studied and tells why it is important.

A

INTRODUCTION

58
Q

describes in detail the operations performed by the
experimenter.

A

METHOD

59
Q

tells what happened in the experiment

A

RESULTS

60
Q

most creative part of an article. Here, an author is permitted to restate what the data show and to draw theoretical conclusions

A

DISCUSSION

61
Q

found at the end of the article

A

REFERENCES

62
Q

It presents facts objectively demonstrating a genuine interest and care in developing new understanding about a topic; you don’t explicitly state an argument or opinion, but rather, you rely on collected data and previously researched information in order to make a claim

A

IMRaD

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (2 decks)

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