PRELIMS

Question 1

branch of
optometry that deals with vision
care services provided to athletes,
including the examination of an
athlete’s ocular health, correction,
protection, management of eye
injuries, and sports vision training
to enhance visual and brain skills
to optimize athletic performance.

Answer 1

SPORTS VISION

Question 2

maximizes
visual functioning, so the patient
can achieve their visual goals and
improve the quality of their life.

Answer 2

VISION REHABILITATION

Question 3

a type of
training that focuses on
heightening an athlete’s visual
abilities within their sport

Answer 3

VISION TRAINING

Question 4

personalized
program designed to treat
conditions such as, amblyopia,
strabismus, binocular dysfunctions,
and vision-related learning
problems, using eye exercises to
improve their visual skills.

Answer 4

VISION THERAPY

Question 5

To prevent vision and eye
problems from developing or
deteriorating

Answer 5

BEHAVIORAL OPTOMETRY

Question 6

 To provide treatment for vision
problems that have already
developed (eg: eye turn,
shortsightedness etc)

Answer 6

BEHAVIORAL OPTOMETRY

Question 7

needed in the classroom, work
place, when playing sport and
using computers, are developed
normally and working well.

Answer 7

BEHAVIORAL OPTOMETRY

Question 8

deriving of meaning
and direction of action as triggered
by light.

Answer 8

Vision

Question 9

Look towards the cup

Answer 9

Centering

Question 10

Make estimation and
understanding about how far
away the cup is to reach your
hand

Answer 10

Centering

Question 11

How big that cup is –> How
much should you open your
hand

Answer 11

anti-gravity

Question 12

Where your mouth is so that
you don’t smack yourself in the
face

Answer 12

anti-gravity

Question 13

acquired through
movement and exploration

Answer 13

Vision

Question 14

Father of Behavioral
Optometry

Answer 14

DR. ARTHUR SKEFFINGTON
Optometrist

Question 15

 Where am I?
 Where are my body parts one in
reference to another?
 Foundation of vision

Answer 15

ANTI-GRAVITY

Question 16

The ability of the body to develop
into an upright/ vertical position
and gain balance.

Answer 16

ANTI-GRAVITY

Question 17

orienting force we’re
exposed to when we’re born; gives
us a reference point of space

Answer 17

Gravity

Question 18

Semicircular canals
– Otoliths
• Proprioception
– From the body in general
– From the cervical ganglion in the
upper spine
• 20%

Answer 18

ANTI-GRAVITY

Question 19

General
body from stretch
receptors in the muscles and
connective tissues of the body.
This’ is like the
eyes of the body, the way the body
sees itself. And if it goes, it’s like
the body’s blind.”

Answer 19

PROPRIOCEPTION

Question 20

skin, muscles,
joints

Answer 20

Stress receptors

Question 21

rare condition that affects the
sensory of the patient
- Don’t know where their senses
without mirror

Answer 21

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 22

Everything the person uses to
answer the fundamental question:
Where is it?

Answer 22

CENTERING

Question 23

Ability of a person to locate where
he/she is located in space, through
the use of the eyes and body

Answer 23

Centering

Question 24

Provides the awareness of “me –
it” relationships that come from
movement through space.
 Involves selecting an object in
space for attention and
directing the Head, body and
eyes toward it.

Answer 24

Centering

Question 25

What is it?  ACCOMMODATION

Answer 25

IDENTIFICATION

Question 26

This is the manner in which we inform ourselves, how we are conscious about that which we are experiencing either in the hereand-now or in the imagined sense. In addition, this is also how we use language to communicate our experiences to others and to understand what they tell us.

Answer 26

SPEECH/ AUDITORY (COMMUNICATION)

Question 27

What can I tell you about it?

Answer 27

SPEECH/ AUDITORY (COMMUNICATION)

Question 28

Depth perception and binocular vision are dependent upon visual development within these 2 circles.

Answer 28

ANTI-GRAVITY & CENTERING CIRCLES

Question 29

patient does not perceive the world the same way, when the eye is turned, causing them to “suffer” from poor depth perception.

Answer 29

Strabismus

Question 30

↓ VA ↓ depth perception ↓ central vision ↓peripheral vision ↓ contrast sensitivity

Answer 30

Amblyopia

Question 31

involuntary motor responses originating in the brainstem present after birth in early child development that facilitate survival.

Answer 31

PRIMITIVE REFLEXES

Question 32

Newborn's reflexes are like their own personal tour guide to help them survive the first few weeks of life. The rooting reflex is important because it helps them to find a breast or bottle nipple, and be able to feed.

Answer 32

Rooting reflex

Question 33

Eventually, the reflex is no longer required because the infant learns concious control on how to look for food sources.

Answer 33

Rooting reflex

Question 34

is often called a startle reflex. That’s because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head, extends out his or her arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in.

Answer 34

Moro reflex

Question 35

moro reflex lasts until the baby is about

Answer 35

2 months old

Question 36

may be a survival instinct to help the infant cling to its mother. If the infant lost its balance, the reflex caused the infant to embrace its mother and regain its hold on the mother's body.

Answer 36

Moro reflex

Question 37

-reflexes that we need for a short period of time -set of basic motor blueprint that we’re all born with on how to learn to use and move our body -Teach us how to use our body for a short period of time until we develop concious control to make those movements ourself.

Answer 37

primitive reflexes

Question 38

3 visual pathways

Answer 38

PARVOCELLULAR, MAGNOCELULLAR, KONIOCELLUAR

Question 39

Occipital cortex, temporal thru ventral stream WHAT?

Answer 39

PARVOCELLUAR

Question 40

Modbrain, Post Parietal thru Dorsal WHERE, HOW??

Answer 40

Magnocellular

Question 41

Mostly macular function, Detailed descriminination, attention, concentration, slow speed, mostly cortical

Answer 41

PARVOCELLULAR

Question 42

Spatial Orientation, Responsible for posture and balance MOVEMENT, FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Answer 42

magnocellular

Question 43

20% of the nerve fibers do not go to occipital cortex

Answer 43

go to midbrain

Question 44

midbrain delivers

Answer 44

SENSORIMOTOR

Question 45

contribute to brightness and contrast information and colour contrast in species with colour vision

Answer 45

Koniocellular pathways

Question 46

route is responsibile to integrating visiual input with auditiry, somatic sensory (balance and proprioception) and achieve the info where are we?

Answer 46

Magno SC

Question 47

responsible for creating motor plans, calculate movement, speed, strength, directiom of where we think WHERE IS IT?

Answer 47

Magno dorsal

Question 48

ability to move both eyes together to point at an intended target or follow a long a path

Answer 48

Eye Movement Control

Question 49

forming a clear image of something in the disance

Answer 49

Simultaneous Focus at FAR

Question 50

keeping an image of something in the distance at far

Answer 50

sustaining focus at far

Question 51

forming a clear image of something close to the eyes

Answer 51

SIMULTANEOUS FOCUS AT NEAR

Question 52

keeping a focus of something close the eye

Answer 52

sustaining focus at near

Question 53

lining up both eyes at the same point at distance

Answer 53

Simultaneous Alignment at far

Question 54

holding both eyes lined up at the same point in the distance

Answer 54

sustaining alignment at far

Question 55

lining up both eyes at the same point up close

Answer 55

simultaneous alignment at near

Question 56

holding both eyes lined up at the same point up close

Answer 56

sustaining alignment at near

Question 57

20/20

Answer 57

central vision

Question 58

able to see whats on either side of you while your eyes are pointed forward

Answer 58

peripheral vision

Question 59

able to tell that things are further away or closer up than each other

Answer 59

Depth awareness

Question 60

able to distinguish colors

Answer 60

Color perception

Question 61

moving yourself through space w/o bumping into things by using information

Answer 61

gross visual motor

Question 62

writing, sewing, texting, and doing other small and close up activities with accuracy by using information from your vision

Answer 62

Fine visual motor

Question 63

aware of your environment and what is going on around you in your visual field

Answer 63

Visual Perception

Question 64

bringing together you vision and your other senses to accomplish complex tasks like reading while walking a balance beam

Answer 64

visual integration

Question 65

Visual skills used in writing

Answer 65

-simultaneous alignment at far -sustaining alignment at near -central vision -peripheral vision -depth awareness -color perception -fine visual motor

Question 66

ability to interpret recorgnize, discriminate, recall and make meaning of what we see

Answer 66

visual perception

Question 67

a set of skills we use to gather visual information from the environment and integrate them with our other senses

Answer 67

visual information processing

Question 68

brains ability to make sense of what the eyes see. its important for everyday activities such as dressing, eating, writing and playing

Answer 68

VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS

Question 69

the ability to identify the position of two or more visual stimuli in rrlation to oneself or in relation to each other

Answer 69

Visual Spatial Relations

Question 70

ability to remember and recall a sequence of visual images such as letters, numbers, images and symbols in a correct order

Answer 70

Sequencial memory

Question 71

ability to identify differences and similarities between two or more vidual stimuli by analyzing their induvidual characteristics and distinctive features

Answer 71

Visual DISCRIMINATION