PRELIMS

Question 1

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 1

Fat necrosis

Question 2

1. Hyperplastic cells may not become cancer cells as long as the process
   remains controlled.
2. Unrestrained proliferation of cells with genetic mutation
   leads to cancer

Answer 2

First statement is true, second statement is false

Question 3

Atrophied brain due to atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Atrophy

Question 4

Alzhemier’s disease

Answer 4

Neither; defective apaoptosis and increased cell survival, increased apoptosis and excessive cell death

Question 5

Myocardial infarction

Answer 5

Coagulative necrosis

Question 6

building muscles of bodybuilders

Answer 6

Hypertrophy

Question 7

Deposition if immune complexes

Answer 7

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 8

1. Morphological and structural changes in tissues exhibits the signs and
   symptoms of the disease.
2. Clinical manifestation of the disease always
   exhibits the characteristics of the disease.

Answer 8

both statements are true

Question 9

Gastric Washing/BrushingThe patient should fast for 12 hours prior to the
lavage procedure, but should drink water on the morning of the test.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

1. When the stress is eliminated, the cell can recover to its original state
   without having suffered any harmful consequences.
2. If the limits of the
   adaptive responses are exceeded, cell injury may takes place.

Answer 10

Both statements are true

Question 11

breast during lactation

Answer 11

hypertrophy

Question 12

The cell is swelling, plasma membrane exhibits blebs, there are myelin figures
and there is increase eosinophilia accompanied by an inflammatory reaction.

Answer 12

Necrotic cell

Question 13

which of the following may be a stimuli to hyperplasia

Answer 13

HPV

Question 14

Increase amount of this hormone may induce hyperplasia of the endometrial
glands leading to abnormal menstrual bleeding?

Answer 14

estrogen

Question 15

For Pap Smear - Endocervical Sample, specimen should be collected
(preferably) two weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period and
definitely not during menstruation

Answer 15

true

Question 16

The stimulus of hypertrophy in the heart is usually due to

Answer 16

chronic hemodynamic overload

Question 17

Heart wall thickening due to hypertension

Answer 17

Hypertrophy

Question 18

What language is the word pathology derived from?

Answer 18

Greek

Question 19

Most forms of pathologic hyperplasia are caused by:

Answer 19

Excess of growth factors or hormones that stimulate target cells.

Question 20

Proteins stored in skeletal muscles may be used as source of energy such
seen in marasmus, would cause the skeletal muscles to atrophy

Answer 20

Inadequate nutrition

Question 21

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach

Answer 21

Metaplasia

Question 22

For pap smear sample collection, patients are instructed to use vaginal
medication, contraceptives, lubricants or douches 48 hours prior to the test.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Gravid uterus (woman’s uterus after delivery)

Answer 23

Hypertrophy

Question 24

Tuberculous infection

Answer 24

Caseous Necrosis

Question 25

Decrease TSH and nothing is stimulating the thyroid gland

Answer 25

Atrophy

Question 26

1. An inflammatory reaction always accompanies apoptosis. 2. Necrosis is a means of eliminating unwanted cells

Answer 26

Both statements are false

Question 27

Replacement of pseudostratified columnar cells in respiratory with squamous epithelium as result of cigarettes

Answer 27

Metaplasia

Question 28

Cancers and autoimmune disorders may also be due to:

Answer 28

Defective apoptosis and increased cell survival

Question 29

Tombstone formation

Answer 29

coagulative necrosis

Question 30

1. Hypertrophy usually occurs in non-dividing cells such as myofibrils. 2. Hyperplasia takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing.

Answer 30

Both statements are true

Question 31

A person who smokes 6 packs of cigarettes per day may induce his upper respiratory tract to undergo what type of adaptive response?

Answer 31

Squamous metaplasia

Question 32

Barrett esophagus is an example of

Answer 32

Columnar metaplasia

Question 33

The decrease in size of the uterus after parturition (childbirth) is a form of

Answer 33

none of the above

Question 34

1. Nutrient deprivation is an adaptive cellular response. 2. If the cell is starved of nutrients, it may undergo autophagy.

Answer 34

Both statements are true

Question 35

Adrenal cortex in Cushing’s disease

Answer 35

Hyperplasia

Question 36

1. General pathology and systemic pathology are the two pedagogical branches of Pathology. 2. Defects that affects the organs are dealt with in general pathology

Answer 36

First statement is true, second statement is false

Question 37

1. Functional and structural changes to cell due to injurious stimuli is considered abnormal. 2. A change of a different tissue type in an organ is already cancerous

Answer 37

Both statements are false

Question 38

1. The body maintains a steady state called homeostasis. 2. Adaptation is a way of the body to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 38

First statement is true, second statement is false.

Question 39

One kidney left to function after surgical removal of the other

Answer 39

Hypertrophy

Question 40

After menopause, the vaginal epithelium atrophies.

Answer 40

Loss of endocrine stimulation

Question 41

1. Once the cell is injured it will definitely die. 2. There are two ways a cell may die, either via apoptosis or necrosis.

Answer 41

First statement is false, second statement is true.

Question 42

Necrotic material is frequently creamy yellow because of the presence of dead leukocytes and is called pus.

Answer 42

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 43

Atherosclerosis may cause the brain to atrophy as seen in senile atrophy that may also affect the heart

Answer 43

Diminished blood supply

Question 44

For Urine - Cytology, an acceptable specimen may be a bladder irrigation sample or a “clean catch” voided sample, 24-hour samples will not be accepted.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Myocardial infarction and stroke:

Answer 45

Increased apoptosis and excessive cell death

Question 46

Cheeselike with a granuloma foc

Answer 46

Caseous necrosis

Question 47

Ciliated columnar epithelium becomes squamous

Answer 47

Metaplasia

Question 48

A type of metaplasia that may not be an adaptive response but rather a direct result of tissue injury

Answer 48

Myositis ossificans

Question 49

Deposition of immune complexes

Answer 49

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 50

Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 50

Metaplasia