PRELIMS Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Guide in making ethical decisions, such as respecting patient confidentiality and maintaining professional boundaries
A
Professional Ethics
2
Q
Principles that govern the behavior of a person or group in a business environment.
A
Professional Ethics
3
Q
Provides rules on how a person should act towards other people in such as environment.
A
Professional Ethics
4
Q
person engaged with a specific activity, especially a sport, as a main paid occupation rather than as a pastime;
A
Professional
5
Q
Person competent or skilled in a particular activity
A
Professional
6
Q
A set of principles that define what is right and wrong.
A
Ethics
7
Q
Involves evaluating actions as morally right or acceptable within a particular context.
A
Ethics
8
Q
Who said: “ Without ethics, man has no future. This is to say, mankind without them cannot be itself. Ethics determine choices and actions and suggest difficult priorities.”
A
John Berger
9
Q
List the 4 importance of professional ethics
A
- teamwork & cooperation
- positive public image
- protect company assets
- emotional security
10
Q
first recorded set of laws in human history
A
Code of Hammurabi
11
Q
When was the Code of Hammurabi created?
A
around 1754 BC
12
Q
Who wrote the Code of Hammurabi?
A
Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First babylonian Dynasty
13
Q
How many laws are included in the Code of Hammurabi?
A
282 laws
14
Q
It established the foundation for a system of justice, covering various aspects such as trade, property, family law, and professional conduct.
A
Code of Hammurabi
15
Q
The Father of Medicine
A
Hippocrates
16
Q
Credited with revolutionizing medicine in ancient Greece by establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields, such as theurgy and philosophy, thus making it a profession.
A
Hippocrates
17
Q
A collection of around 60 early Ancient Greek medical works strongly associated with Hippocrates and his teachings.
A
Hippocratic Corpus
18
Q
An ethical code attributed to Hippocrates, historically taken by physicians to uphold specific ethical standards.
A
Hippocratic Oath
19
Q
English physician, medical reformer, and the author of influential medical ethics documents.
A
Thomas Percival
20
Q
a comprehensive text describing the duties and responsibilities of medical professionals.
A
Medical Ethics by Thomas Percival
21
Q
When did Thomas Percival publish “Medical Ethics”?
A
1803
22
Q
What terms did Thomas Percival coin?
A
medical ethics and jurisprudence
23
Q
Collection of principles that guide doctors, nurses, and other clinicians in providing medical care.
A
Nature of healthcare Ethics
24
Q
It covers how providers treat patients.
A
Healthcare Ethics
25
knowing right and wrong and acting accordingly in the workplace and personal life.
Ethical Behavior
26
It is an ethical theory that considers an action as morally right if its outcomes or consequences are good for the greatest number of the population.
Utilitarianism
27
Is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong.
Deontology
28
What are the 4 principles of healthcare?
1. autonomy
2. beneficence
3. non-maleficence
4. justice
29
Respect a person’s freedom to choose what’s right for them
Autonomy
30
All choices for the patient are made with the intent to do good.
Beneficence
31
Do no harm.
Non-maleficence
32
Treat and provide care fairly to all patients.
Justice
33
Shared beliefs and values that shape ethical standards within society.
Cultural Norms
34
Theoretical approaches that provide frameworks for ethical reasoning.
Philosophical Perspectives
35
Laws and regulations that establish minimum standards for ethical behavior.
Legal Requirements
36
Ethical guidelines specific to a profession, ensuring integrity and public trust.
Professional Standards
37
Acquired mode of behavior involving the tendency to repeat and reproduce certain actions.
Habit
38
Ordinary or usual manner of doing or acting the habitual practice of the community people.
Custom
39
Pertains to perfection.
Ideals
40
equitable, fair or just.
Justice
41
rights of individuals or groups that are established and guaranteed by law.
Legal Rights
42
rights of groups or individuals that are usually asserted based on moral principles or rules.
Moral Rights
43
widely shared social conventions about right and wrong human conduct.
Morality
44
accepted customs or habits of right living and conduct in society
Morals
45
Form of ceremony decorum and social graces.
Etiquette
46
A custom so long continued that is has almost assumed the force of law
Tradition
47
privacy
confidentiality
48
Both good and bad effects
Double effect
49
ethical principle which places high value on avoiding harm to others.
Non maleficence
50
attitude that prompts healthcare workers to make decisions regarding a person’s care without consulting the person affected.
Paternalism
51
Involves planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling an organization to accomplish a goal.
Management
52
Duties range from recruiting and employee relations to payroll and benefits administration.
Human Resource Management
53
Investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Organizational Behavior
54
Studied on bureaucracy
Max Weber
55
has a well-defined line of authority and has clear rules and regulations which are strictly followed.
Bureaucracy
56
Six Principle of Bureaucracy
Hierarchy
Rules
Function
Focus
Impersonal
Qualification
57
Father of Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor
58
Max Weber's Classification of legitimate authority
Ration-legal
Traditional
59
He advised managers to deal with emotional needs of employees at work
Elton Mayo
60
Founder of Human Relations Movement
Elton Mayo
61
A theory that states that Employees’ productivity based on social factors/needs
Human Relation Movement or Hawthorn Theory
62
Said that Organizations are systems of cooperation of human activity
Chester Irving Barnard
63
64
2 criteria of survival
effective and efficiency
65
Father of Universal Process or Operational Management Administrative Theory
Henri Fayol
66
6 Major Industrial Activities
Technical
Commercial
Financial
Security
Accounting
Managerial
66
5 Managerial Functions
Planning
Organizing
Commanding/Directing
Coordinating/Staffing
Controlling
66
Formulated the 2 Factor Content Theory
Frederick Herzberg
66
2 Factor Content Theory
Hygiene Factors
Motivation Factors
67
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Harold maslow
68
A Harvard Professor who spent 30 years conducting research on motivation.
He sought to understand human nature and develop tools to measure how people make choices.
David Clarence Mccleland
69
What theory did David Clarence McCleland make?
Three Needs Theory
70
Three Needs Theory
Need for Achievement
Need for Power
Need for Affiliation
71
Theory X and Y
Douglas McGregor
72
Authoritarian, repressive style. Tight control, no development. Produces limited, depressed culture.
Theory X
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Liberating and developmental. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility.
Theory Y
74
They Obey organizational superiors to pursue the organization’s goals not pursue conflicting goals.
Employees
75
Provide employees with fair wages and fair working conditions.
Employers
76
Ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute towards the success of the organization.
Leadership
77
Directing and controlling a group of people for a purpose of coordinating and harmonizing that group towards accomplishing a goal.
Management
78
Five Modeling Traits and Personalities
Extroversion
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness
79
Outgoing, energetic
Extroversion
80
Emotionally unstable, constantly worrying
Neuroticism
81
Kind, empathetic
Agreeableness
82
Responsible, reliable
Conscientiousness
83
Creative, willing to participate
Openness
84
A relationship where one individual reports directly to another. Typically following a chain of command.
Direct Relationship
85
A relationship between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level, focusing on collaboration.
Lateral Relationship
86
A relationship between support staff (advisory role) and the line organization (decision-makers).
Staff Relationship
87
A relationship where an individual or department has authority over others in a specific function, even if they do not report directly to them.
Functional Relationship
88
A structure where an employee reports to more than one manager, typically used in project-based organizations.
Matrix Relationship
89
A structure with minimal levels of hierarchy, where employees have more independence and decision-making power
Flat/Horizontal Relationship
90
A visual representation of the internal structure of an organization.
Organizational Chart
91
It is the process of overseeing the daily operations and strategic planning of a hospital or healthcare organization.
Hospital Administration
92
Developing long-term goals, objectives, and policies to guide the hospital’s overall direction and growth.
Strategic Planning
93
Overseeing budgeting, financial planning, revenue generation, and cost control to ensure the hospital’s financial health.
Financial Management
94
Managing the hospital’s workforce, including hiring, training, and performance evaluations of staff, as well as addressing personnel-related issues.
Human Resources
95
Ensuring that the physical infrastructure and medical equipment are well-maintained and meet safety standards.
Facility Management
96
Implementing initiatives to enhance patient care, safety,a nd overall health outcomes.
Quality Improvement
97
Ensuring the hospital adheres to all relevant healthcare regulations and accreditation standards.
Regulatory Compliance
98
Focusing on improving patient experience and satisfaction with the services provided by the hospital.
Patient Satisfaction
99
Overseeing the implementation and management of healthcare technology systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs) and telemedicine.
Information Technology
100
Managing the procurement and distribution of medical supplies and pharmaceuticals.
Supply Chain Management
101
Building and maintaining relationships with the local community, government agencies, and other healthcare organizations.
Community Engagement
102
A healthcare institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment.
Hospital
103
owned, administered, and controlled by the government
Government
104
owned and controlled by an individual or a group of people
private
105
The process of recruiting, selecting, hiring, and managing employees who work in various roles to deliver healthcare services and support the hospital’s operations.
Staffing
106
The highest-ranking executive responsible for the overall strategic direction and operations of the hospital.
Chief Executive officer
107
Oversees medical policies, protocols, and quality of care.
Chief Medical Officer
108
Responsible for nursing staff and patient care delivery.
Chief Nursing Officer
109
Manages financial planning, budgeting, and financial reporting.
Chief Financial Officer
110
Handles day-to-day operations and ensures the hospital runs efficiently.
Chief Operating Officer
111
Manages technology and information systems in the hospital.
Chief Information Officer
112
Manage specific clinical or non-clinical departments (e.g., Surgery, Pediatrics, Human Resources, Finance)
Department Heads or Directors
113
Supervise nursing units and coordinate patient care.
Nursing Managerss
114
Oversee specific clinical services (e.g., radiology, laboratory, pharmacy).
Clinical Managers
115
Manage non-clinical services (e.g., Facilities, Security, Housekeeping)
Operations Manager
116
Supervise nursing staff on a particular shift or unit.
Charge Nurses
117
Lead specific teams or workgroups within departments.
team leaders
118
Coordinate activities and communication within specific units.
Unit Coordinators
119
Supervise staff during specific shifts.
Shift Supervisors
120
Is the state of being bound by law or justice to do something or to make good of something; legal responsibility
Liability
121
Determines the extent to which a company as a legal person can be held liable for the acts and omissions of the natural persons it employs and, in some legal systems, for those of other associates and business partners.
Corporate Liabilitiesq
122
Legal rule that holds a person or company responsible for actions committed by others or by their employees. Typically, it applies to those who are in control of people who cause harm to victims.
Vicarious Liability
123
An agreement mutually arrived by two or more individuals to do a particular thing in exchange for some consideration.
Contract
124
Those which cannot be perfected without compliance with the special formalities required by the law such as donations and mortgages of real property, checks.
Formal Contract
125
Result of written document or correspondence which the law does not require special formalities.
informal contract
126
an agreement where parties explicitly spell out the contract terms, either orally lr through writing.
express contract
127
contract formed by actions, behavior, or circumstances
implied contract
128
Where a contract exist and either party violating it terms
breach of contract
129
Those where the contract of the party is defective either because of incapacity to give consent or where the consent is vitiated by mistake, violence, intimidation, undue, influence, or fraud.
voidable / annullable contract
130
Those which produce no legal effect for they do not exist in the eyes of the law “VOID ABINITIO”
void / inexistence contract
131
Those which cannot be enforced in the court because of the existence
Unenforceable contract
132
a contract that can be undone by court if one or both parties experience economic damage.
Recissible contract
133
A rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong.
Law
134
Presidential Decree/ Republic Act
Constitution
135
Congress/Responsible for enacting laws
Legislature
136
interprets and applies law in cases
Judiciary
137
legal principles governing administrative and government agencies (federal and state)
Administrative
138
Deals with behavior that constitutes an injury to an individual or other private party, such as a corporation
Civil Law
139
laws relating to crime
criminal law
140
governs federal and state administrative agencies
administrative law
141
Act of binding oneself to do something
obligation
142
Philosophy of science of law
Jurisprudence
143
Law in which the government is directly involved
Public Law
144
Regulates the relationship among people
Private Law
145
Responsible for reconciling controversies and conflicts
Judiciary System
146
Body of law and accumulated decision
Common Law
