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PRELIMS Flashcards

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1
Q

Deepens understanding of current global issues

A

STS

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2
Q

is a human activity

A

SCIENCE

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3
Q

Finding truths about the natural world through a systematic process called

A

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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4
Q

enables people to understand, predict, and control to a certain degree their natural environment

A

SCIENCE

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5
Q

are evaluated on what it really is and not as what one perceives it to be

A

FACTS

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6
Q

scientific knowledge is not concerned of presenting itself in a realistic picture

A

ABSTRACT

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7
Q

Science started as a branch of philosophy called

A

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY

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8
Q

Deals with the fundamental nature and behavior of the universe

A

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

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9
Q

Science and Philosophy separated after the

A

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (16TH-17TH CENTURY)

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10
Q
  • deals with methods, nature, rationalization of scientific facts
A

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

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11
Q

“all knowledge should be based on objective evidence and experiment”

A

FRANCIS BACON

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12
Q

considers only the body and not the mind as subject to laws of nature

A

RENE DESCARTES

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13
Q

thinks that space, time, and causality are forced on experience by the mind

A

IMMANUEL KANT

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14
Q

Views progress in science involves a shift in paradigms and considers that a scientist works within accepted paradigm

A

THOMAS KUHN

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15
Q

developed to accommodate humans’ basic needs to survive and thrive

A

TECHNOLOGY

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16
Q

is a human activity that involves methods of solving practical problems or a process of fabricating a material product

A

TECHNOLOGY

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17
Q

usually stems from the identification of a need to be met

A

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

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18
Q

emerged ahead of science and is not a mere application of scientific knowledge

A

TECHNOLOGY

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19
Q

Creation of new product or process

A

INVENTION

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20
Q

Improvement of an existing technology

A

INNOVATION

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21
Q

happens when a more advanced technology replaces the same product

A

TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTION

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22
Q

Happens when an innovation is adopted by a certain group which in turn influences others into adopting the same technology

A

TECHNOLOGICAL DIFFUSION

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23
Q

said that scientific facts are results of the scientist’s socially conditioned studies rather than as objective description of the physical world

A

THOMAS KUHN

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24
Q

STS started to emerge as a new field of study during the period between the

A

TWO WORLD WARS

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25
enables us to understand both the positive and negative effects of the advancements in science and technology
sts
26
characterized by survival and high dependence on what nature can provide
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
27
Depend on nature to survive - hunting, food from trees, etc. mostly by using their hands to solve their concern
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
28
Started using stones for general purposes (Stone Age)
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
29
Stone age two eras
PALEOLITHIC AGE NEOLITHIC AGE
30
Lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 BCE
PALEOTHIC AGE
31
Arrival of Hominids about 1.6 million years ago
PALEOTHIC AGE
32
species of creatures that walk upright
HOMINIDS
33
Prehistoric people were ___
NOMADS
34
people that moved from place to place in search of basic survival needs
NOMADS
35
Began about 8000 BCE
NEOLITHIC AGE
36
Most significant event that took place during this era was the Neolithic Revolution
NEOLITHIC AGE
37
Transformation of human societies from being hunter-gatherers to to agricultural based
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
38
The period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
39
Began to develop agriculture and began to practice domestication of animals (cattle, goats, sheep and pigs for food)
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
40
growing of crops for food
AGRICULTURE
41
breeding animals for food
DOMESTICATION
42
Used wood, bones, and hard crystalline material and has sharp edges called
FLINT
43
cannot be found just anywhere but has to be mined
FLINT
44
Mining practice resulted to discovery of better materials like metals and other minerals like
SALT
45
made an impact no only in early cooking but also in preservation of food during lean season
SALT
46
Discovery of ____ using fire led to the making of bricks for their dwelling place and pots for food storage and other uses
HARDENED MUD
47
Due to food scarcity, Stone Age people started to___
DOMESTICATE ANIMALS
48
has necessitated systematic understanding of animals in terms of their behavior and favorable traits resulting to desired characteristics
BREEDING
49
have started accidentally when early inhabitants discovered seeds can grow anywhere
PLANTING
50
Two important inventions enabled traders to move more goods over longer distances
WHEEL AND SAIL
51
To cultivate more land and produce extra crops for trading, ancient people began to build elaborate
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
52
Wheel was invented later and found its early use in ____ region and certain parts of China
MESOPOTAMIAN
53
Civilizations that emerged from ancient times
EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA
54
Discovery of different materials like copper and bronze for the tools
ANCIENT TIMES
55
- Fertile Crescent
MESOPOTAMIA
56
Curved shape of land including lands facing Mediterranean Sea and plain between Tigris and Euphrates rivers
MESOPOTAMIA
57
Mesopotamia is Flooded yearly (unpredictable) leaving behind a thick mud called
SLIT
58
were able to invent ways to control the water with their canals, dams, and irrigation systems
Egyptians and Mesopotamians
59
Considered gods on Earth who ruled over government, religion, and military
PHARAOHS
60
Cuneus LATIN
WEDGE
61
Used wedge-shaped tool to press symbols into clay, then baked clay in the sun to preserve the writing
SUMERIAN CUNEIFORM
62
Used for record keeping, writing about wars and natural disasters, etc.
SUMERIAN CUNEIFORM
63
Similar to Sumerian cuneiform, it used pictures to represent ideas
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
64
Consisted of pictographs
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
65
Used to document tax collection, laws, storage of grain, etc.
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
66
Scribes recorded history, beliefs, and ideas of ancient Egypt (often times in the tombs of the pharaohs)
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
67
Good ship-builders and traders
PHOENICIANS
68
Brought with them their own system of writing called the alphabet
PHOENICIANS
69
Similarities can be seen between Phoenician, Greek and modern-day alphabets
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
70
Became instrumental in the emergence of other disciplines and art like poetry, history and philosophy
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
71
Foundation of Greek Civilization
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
72
Rendered rational explanations to the workings of the universe without reference to their faith, religion, and other traditional beliefs
GREEKS
73
This label can be a misnomer due to the good body of inventions and innovations during this period
DARK AGES
74
Labeled as such due to demographic, cultural and economic decline of Europe with reference to the fall of Roman Empire
DARK AGES
75
Left Europe in disarray
FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE
76
Local nobles solidified their control over their kingdom in a system called ____
FEUDALISM
77
agreement between local landlords and peasants exchanging protection from barbaric attacks with labor
FEUDALISM
78
This arrangement paved the way for establishment of capitalism
FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE
79
Gained control and influence while regulating anarchic tendencies especially among local landlords
CATHOLIC CHRUCH
80
Established cathedral schools to address all concerns and justify their authority particularly on temporal affairs
CATHOLIC CHURCH
81
main source of energy that fuels cultivation harness , horse shoe, stirrup, and other related inventions improved cultivations and transportation
HORSE
82
Harnessing of natural sources of energy
WATER AND WIND
83
First books printed were
BIBLES
84
any disturbance to the balance moves the instrument and measurement becomes reading for Earth movement
SEISMOGRAPH
85
A period of unlearning and relearning of current state of knowledge in science and technology
MODERN TIMES
86
Fundamental assumptions are critiqued and challenged = lead to scientific revolutions
MODERN TIMES
87
affirmed Copernicus’ theory that the universe was heliocentric and not geocentric
GALILEO GALILEI
88
tried to prove existence of an objective reality apart from the subjects = exploration and experimentation
RENE DESCARTES
89
formulated laws found in nature = became reference point for analysis of other things that can be observed
ISAAC NEWTON
90
together with Descartes, outlined the process in doing scientific inquiry popularly known as “Scientific Method”
FRANCIS BACON
91
New knowledge and technical know-how coupled with demands of commerce catapulted the emergence of a new revolutio
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
92
Applied the new understanding of reality from scientific inquiries to practical use
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
93
Current understanding of reality brings forth related technologies that catered to the emergence of new but more complex technologies that address specific needs in various aspects of society
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
94
Had its advantages in terms of new discoveries and inventions
WAR
95

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