PRELIMS

Question 1

“Management is, above all, a practice were art, science, and craft meet.”

Answer 1

Henry Mintzberg

Question 2

It is the ability to diagnose situations
and predict patterns of behaviors, which
result in better decision making.

Answer 2

Critical thinking

Question 3

A _____________ is able to put aside biases and view situations from different perspectives to ultimately improve his or her understanding of the world.

Answer 3

Critical thinker

Question 4

The generally accepted critical thinking
methodology includes seven steps

Answer 4

Observe, Interpret, Analyze, Infer, Evaluate, Explain, meta-think

Question 5

recognize the behavior

Answer 5

Observe

Question 6

understand the cause and
effects of behavior

Answer 6

Interpret

Question 7

investigate the causes and effects
of behavior

Answer 7

Analyze

Question 8

propose paths to change behavior

Answer 8

Infer

Question 9

(assess the consequences of
changing behavior

Answer 9

Evaluate

Question 10

(justify a change to behavior

Answer 10

Explain

Question 11

consider the process used to
propose this behavior change

Answer 11

Meta-Think

Question 12

is the process of working with
people and distributing an organization’s
resources to achieve goals efficiently and
effectively.

Answer 12

Management

Question 13

These principles are constantly evolving to
better meet the four things every
organization needs to be successful

Answer 13

Access to resources, Effective leaders, Competent employees, Interested consumers or advocates

Question 14

Managers’ activities are both people‐focused and technically
focused. Their tasks fall into four main categories

Answer 14

planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling

Question 15

A manager collaborates and communicates with his or her team to pursue a goal. This
task could include setting up and leading monthly sales meetings to look at progress, organizing and hosting. We often describe
this people‐focused side of a manager’s
duties as the

Answer 15

Art of Management

Question 16

Tasks in this category might
include testing a new manufacturing
process to reduce energy costs at a plant, or progress on developing a new product, In general, we can think of these more technical activities as the

Answer 16

Science of Management

Question 17

Management can be both people focused (art) and
technical (science).

Answer 17

The Art and Science of Management

Question 18

Managers focus on more than just profits. Instead, they look at how their practices affect their triple bottom line, defined as the “3 P’s”:

Answer 18

People, Profit, Planet

Question 19

Management can make a difference through _____ by investing in wellness programs, training and education, retirement accounts, healthcare benefits, career advancement opportunities, and flexible environments

Answer 19

People

Question 20

To make a difference through ______, managers make sure that their company is financially healthy so it can offer employees stable jobs, hire new college graduates, reward investors, and support local and global causes.

Answer 20

Profit

Question 21

To make a difference for the _____, companies must concentrate on communities and causes as well.

Answer 21

Planet

Question 22

Whatever managers do and however they make a difference, we can
categorize their actions by using four distinct management functions:

Answer 22

Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling`

Question 23

It is the process of setting goals for the future, designing
appropriate strategies, and deciding on the actions and resources
needed to achieve success.

Answer 23

Planning

Question 24

It is the process of orchestrating people, actions,
resources, and decisions to achieve goals.

Answer 24

Organizing

Question 25

It is the process of effectively motivating and communicating with people to achieve goals.

Answer 25

Leading

Question 26

It is the process of monitoring activities, measuring results and comparing them with goals, and correcting performance when necessary.

Answer 26

Controlling

Question 27

managers build relationships with the people they work with and act as a public symbol for the many people they represent.

Answer 27

Interpersonal Roles

Question 28

require managers to gather, assess, and communicate information to individuals and teams in support of the organization's values, mission, vision, and goals.

Answer 28

Informational Roles

Question 29

managers are responsible for making judgments and decisions based on available information and analysis of the situation.

Answer 29

Decisional Roles

Question 30

Effective managers today understand threats and approach every function in full consideration of the consequences of their decisions on their organization, community, and environment. This balanced approach to management is called ________

Answer 30

Sustaining

Question 31

An organization is an entity formed and structured to achieve goals. Types of organization includes:

Answer 31

Small organizations, Mid‐size organizations, Large organizations

Question 32

have fewer than 100 employees

Answer 32

Small Organizations

Question 33

between 100 and 500 employees

Answer 33

Mid-size Organizations

Question 34

more than 500 employees

Answer 34

Large Organizations

Question 35

isa newly formed organization with limited or no operational history.

Answer 35

Start‐up company

Question 36

has operations in multiple countries, usually employs more than 10,000 people, and designs, develops, and sells products and services to customers all over the world.

Answer 36

Multinational Corporation

Question 37

is an organization that increases its annual revenue faster than its competitors.

Answer 37

Growth Company

Question 38

are required by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to reinvest all profits back into the organization, as opposed to distributing that money to investors or employees.

Answer 38

Nonprofit Organizations

Question 39

are groups formed to engage students further in the college experience through academic, political, religious, sports, environmental, and social action.

Answer 39

Student Organizations

Question 40

Types of Managers

Answer 40

Top managers, Middle Managers, First-line Managers

Question 41

set the organization's direction and make decisions that affect everybody.

Answer 41

Tope Managers

Question 42

report to upper management and direct the work of first‐line managers; they are also responsible for divisions or departments.

Answer 42

Middle Managers

Question 43

direct daily activities for producing goods and services.

Answer 43

First-Line Managers

Question 44

____________ are the philosophical statements and beliefs that managers use to allocate resources, provide consistent feedback to employees, make decisions, and foster organizational culture

Answer 44

Values, Mission, and Vision

Question 45

Organizational ______ are beliefs that shape employee and organizational behaviors and are intended to be timeless.

Answer 45

Values

Question 46

______is an organization's central purpose, intended to generate value in the marketplace (for‐profit) or community (nonprofit), which lasts for the life of the leader.

Answer 46

Mission

Question 47

By consistently holding to the values of the company, the organization's leadership defines its mission and projects its ______, a description of an optimal future

Answer 47

Vision

Question 48

is the level to which people or organizations achieve agreed‐upon goals

Answer 48

Effectiveness

Question 49

means using the smallest amount of resources to achieve the greatest output.

Answer 49

Efficiency

Question 50

_____are the skills in which managers demonstrate the greatest aptitude.

Answer 50

Strengths

Question 51

Explores ways to help people recognize their positive traits or strengths and nurture them to their full potential.

Answer 51

Positive Psychology

Question 52

In 1776, prominent critical thinker _________ (1723–1790), a Scottish economist and philosopher, published _______________,which argued that division of labor could increase production by having workers specialize on a task.

Answer 52

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations

Question 53

___________, a type of organization, are legal entities formed and structured to achieve goals with special protections for Owners

Answer 53

Corporations

Question 54

Weber defined the ideal management of an organization as a ____________, a form of organization marked by the division of labor, managerial hierarchy, rules and regulations, and impersonality.

Answer 54

Bureaucracy

Question 55

_________ had created another theory of management.

Answer 55

Henry Fayol

Question 56

_________, inventor of the first mechanical computer, was also interested in questions of management, particularly the inefficiencies that he observed in the modern factory.

Answer 56

Charles Babbage (1792–1871)

Question 57

Two types of soldiering were observed

Answer 57

natural soldiering and systemic soldiering

Question 58

Workers were said to be doing _______ when they were simply, "taking it easy"

Answer 58

Natural Soldiering

Question 59

When workers consciously and deliberately underworked. Natural soldiering could be easily addressed by inspiring and motivating them, but _________ was emerging as a negative phenomenon in the 19th century

Answer 59

Systematic Soldiering

Question 60

This began the __________________ to management—applying objective methods to enhance decision making.

Answer 60

quantitative approach

Question 61

As a manager at the Midvale Steel Company, critical thinker _________ observed soldiering among his workers.

Answer 61

Frederick W. Taylor(1856–1915)

Question 62

____________ is the focus on analyzing and synthesizing the flow of work to maximize productivity.

Answer 62

Scientific management

Question 63

A combination of setting performance standards, selecting the best worker for the job, and building good relations between managers and employees.

Answer 63

Task Management System

Question 64

He became the first “efficiency engineer,” a title that he created for himself.

Answer 64

Harrington Emerson (1853–1931)

Question 65

_____ set forth to apply motion studies, where he used a motion‐picture camera to capture the step‐by‐step movements that were taken to complete a task.

Answer 65

Frank B. Gilbreth

Question 66

she compared three historical types of management:

Answer 66

Traditional, transitory, and scientific

Question 67

management depended on centralized authority.

Answer 67

Traditional

Question 68

represented the confused shift between central authority and manager‐employee cooperation.

Answer 68

Transitory

Question 69

management relied on positive manager‐employee relationships, which could be maximized by refining methods for employee selection, incentives, and welfare.

Answer 69

Scientific

Question 70

____ became a management consultant in 1901. His methods and advice were not always embraced by his clients.

Answer 70

Henry Gantt

Question 71

_______, conducted between 1924 and 1932, seemingly verified that employees were motivated by many factors, not just money, and that group dynamics had an impact on employee morale and performance.

Answer 71

The Hawthorne studies

Question 72

the ________ had the simple objective of observing the effect of lighting on worker productivity.

Answer 72

Illumination Study (1924–1927)

Question 73

The research team, led by Homer Hibarger and Charles E. Snow, assessed the effects of work conditions on employee productivity, including breaks, meals, and length of workday.

Answer 73

Relay‐Assembly Test Room Study (1927–1932)

Question 74

Interviewing was a component of the research. When the study was initiated, researchers using the directive method asked questions that could easily be answered

Answer 74

The Interviewing Program (1925–1932)

Question 75

Parker Follett argued that the American notion of individual rights over the interests and well‐being of the group was counterproductive. She suggests that there are four possible solutions:

Answer 75

Group submission, Struggle for Victory, Compromise, Integration

Question 76

____ is a negative view of the worker stating that people do not like to work; therefore, workers need to be coerced, told what to do, and intimidated. Otherwise, left on their own, workers will soldier, or, worse yet, do nothing at all.

Answer 76

Theory X

Question 77

_____ is a positive view of the worker stating that people enjoy the mental and physical purpose that work provides

Answer 77

Theory Y

Question 78

The ___________ perspective relies on understanding individual behaviors, decisions, and attitudes to motivate employees.

Answer 78

Behavioral Management

Question 79

_________ theory states that different organizations, situations, and contexts require different approaches.

Answer 79

Contingency (or situational)

Question 80

Jay W. Forrester drew a conceptual system of GE's inventory as it related to the company's decision to hire or lay off ‐employees, a method that became known as ____

Answer 80

system dynamics.

Question 81

Two events are especially significant to management history.

Answer 81

Division of Labors, Industrial Revolution

Question 82

_____ was a Scottish moral philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment.

Answer 82

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790)

Question 83

In 1776, Adam Smith published „______________‟, in which he argued the economic advantages that organization and society would gain from the division of labor.

Answer 83

The Wealth of Nations

Question 84

In the late eighteenth century when machine power substituted human power, it became the more economical to manufacture goods in factories than at home.

Answer 84

Industrial Revolution

Question 85

The four major approaches to management theory are

Answer 85

Classical Approach Quantitative Approach Behavioral Approach Contemporary Approach

Question 86

The formal study of management began in the early 20th century. Emphasizes the rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.

Answer 86

Classical Approach

Question 87

Under Classical Approach. An approach that involve using the scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.

Answer 87

Scientific management

Question 88

Workers loaded “pigs of iron (each weighing 92 pounds) onto rail cars.

Answer 88

Pig Iron experiment

Question 89

_____ was an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of motion study.

Answer 89

Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr. (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924)

Question 90

Frank and his wife _____, a psychologist, studied the brick laying experiment to eliminate inefficient hand-and-body motions.

Answer 90

Lillian Moller

Question 91

The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions, which they called ____.

Answer 91

Therbligs

Question 92

Focused more on what managers do what constituted good management practice.

Answer 92

General Administrative Theory

Question 93

_____ and ____ are the most prominent behind this general administrative theory.

Answer 93

Henry Fayol and Max Weber