PRELIMS: THORAX - REGIONAL ANATOMY (THORACIC WALL) Flashcards by Jacqueline Ritualo

A part of the thorax that is segmental in design because of the presence of bones

THORACIC WALL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the components of the thoracic wall?

~SKELETAL ELEMENTS

~MUSCLES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 extensions of the thoracic wall?

~SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE

~INFERIOR THORACIC APERTURE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the borders of the superior thoracic aperture

~VERTEBRA T1
~RIB 1
~MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the borders of the inferior thoracic aperture

~VERTEBRA T12
~RIB 12
~ ENDS OF RIB 11
~COSTAL MARGINS
~XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is where muscles attach to form the thoracic wall

BONES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the meaning of aperture?

OPENING

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Serves as the attachment site for rib 1 on both sides

MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the floating ribs?

RIB 11 AND RIB 12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cartilage that makes up the area of inferior thoracic aperture

COSTAL MARGIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the components of the skeletal framework of thoracic wall?

~THORACIC VERTEBRAE
~INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
~RIBS
~STERNUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Component of the skeletal framework of the thoracic wall that is characterized by its articulation with the ribs

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It has a heart-shaped vertebral body with equal dimensions in the transverse and anteroposterior directions, and a long spinous process

TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the typical thoracic vertebra that is circular in shape

VERTEBRAL FORAMEN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the typical thoracic vertebra that is broad and overlaps with the lower vertebra

LAMINAE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the typical thoracic vertebra that is flat, with their articular surfaces facing almost directly posteriorly

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the typical thoracic vertebra that projects from the laminae , with their articular facets facing anteriorly

INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the typical thoracic vertebra that are club like in shape and projects posterolaterally

TRANSVERSE PROCESS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many pairs of ribs are present in a body

12 PAIRS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

TRUE OR FALSE:

The 12 pairs of ribs terminates anteriorly in a costal cartilage

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A component of the skeletal framework of the thoracic wall that articulates with the vertebral column but only on the costal cartilage of the upper seven ribs that articulates directly with the sternum

RIBS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the term given to the upper 7 ribs that articulates with the sternum directly

TRUE RIBS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The term given to Rib 8 to rib 12

FALSE RIBS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the term given to Rib 11 and Rib 12 because they do not articulate with other ribs or with the sternum

FLOATING RIBS

TRUE OR FALSE: | The costal cartilage of rib 9 to 10 articulates anteriorly with the costal cartilage of the ribs above

FALSE, IT IS RIBS 8 TO 10

A typical rib consist what?

A TYPICAL RIB CONSISTS OF A CURVED SHAFT WITH ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ENDS

TRUE OR FALSE: | The anterior end of a typical rib is continuous with its costal cartilage

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: | The posterior end of a typical rib does not articulates with the vertebral column

FALSE, IT ARTICULATES WITH THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

What are the characteristics of the posterior end of a typical rib?

~HEAD ~NECK ~TUBERCLE

A characteristic of the posterior end of a typical rib that is somewhat expanded and typically presents 2 articular surfaces that is separated by the CREST

HEAD

What does the smaller superior surface of a typical rib articulates with?

THE INFERIOR COSTAL FACET ON THE BODY OF THE VERTEBRA ABOVE

What does the large superior facet of a typical rib articulates with?

IT ARTICULATES WITH THE SUPERIOR COSTAL FACET OF ITS OWN VERTEBRA

A characteristic of the posterior end of a typical rib that is a short flat region of bone that separates the head from the tubercle

NECK

A characteristic of the posterior end of a typical rib that projects posteriorly from the junctions of the neck with the shaft and is composed of two regions

TUBERCLE

What are the two regions of the tubercle

~ARTICULAR PART | ~NONARTICULAR PART

The region of the tubercle that is medial and has an oval facet for articulation with a corresponding facet on the transverse process of the associated vertebra?

ARTICULAR PART

The region of the tubercle that is roughened by ligament attachments

THE RAISED NONARTICULAR PART

Part of the typical rib that is generally thin and flat with internal and external surfaces and bends forward just laterally to the tubercle at angle

SHAFT

Part of the typical rib that is smooth and rounded

SUPERIOR MARGIN

Part of the typical rib that is considered sharp

INFERIOR MARGIN

Marks the inferior margin of the internal surface

COSTAL GROOVE

How many sites on each side for articulation does a typical thoracic vertebra have?

How many demifacets does a typical thoracic vertebrae have?

These are located on the superior and inferior aspects of the body for articulation that has a corresponding sites on the head of the adjacent ribs

2 DEMIFACETS

This articulates with the part of the head of its own rib It is also located on the body of vertebrae 1 It is complete and articulates with a single facet on the head of its own rib.

SUPERIOR COSTAL FACET

This articulates with part of the head of the rib below

INFERIOR COSTAL FACET

It is located at the end of the transverse process that articulates with the tubercle of its own ribs

TRANSVERSE COSTAL FACET AKA OVAL FACET

TRUE OR FALSE | Not all vertebrae articulates with the ribs in the same fashion

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The head of rib 1 articulates with the vertebra C7

FALSE

The vertebra that articulates only with its own ribs making it lacking in inferior demifacets on the body

VERTEBRA T10

These vertebra articulates only with the heads of their own ribs and they lack transverse costal facets and have only a single complete facet on each side of their bodies

VERTEBRA T11 AND T12

The rib that is in the horizontal plane and has broad superior and inferior surfaces.

RIB 1

What is the rib 1 articulated with?

VERTEBRA T1

TRUE OR FALSE: | Rib 1 slopes inferiorly to its attachment to the manubrium of the sternum

TRUE

What does the head of Rib 1 articulates with?

IT ONLY ARTICULATES WITH THE BODY OF THE VERTEBRA T1, THEREFORE IT HAS ONLY 1 ARTICULATION SURFACE

TRUE OR FALSE: | The tubercle of the Rib 1 has a facet for articulation with the transverse process

TRUE

What characterizes the superior surface of the rib that separates two smooth grooves that cross the rib approximately midway along the shaft

SCALENE TUBERCLE

What causes the anterior groove in rib 1?

SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

What causes the posterior groove

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

What roughens the shaft in the anterior and posterior grooves of the Rib 1?

MUSCLE AND LIGAMENT ATTACHMENT

Similar with Rib 1, but twice as long, and articulates with the vertebral column in a way typical of most rib

RIB 2

Part of the rib 10 that has a single facet for articulation with its own vertebra

HEAD OF RIB 10

Ribs that articulates only with the bodies of their own vertebrae and have no tubercles or necks They are short, and they have a little curve, and they are pointed anteriorly

RIBS 11 AND 12

What are the 3 major elements of the sternum?

~BROAD AND SUPERIORLY POSITIONED MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM ~NARROW AND LONGITUDINAL ORIENTED BODY OF THE STERNUM ~SMALL AND INFERIORLY POSITIONED XIPHOID PROCESS

Element of the sternum that forms part of the bony framework of the neck and thorax

MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM

Part of the manubrium of sternum that is expanded laterally and bears the jugular notch in the midline

SUPERIOR SURFACE OF THE MANUBRIUM

The distinct and palpable notch in the manubrium of sternum

JUGULAR NOTCH/ SUPRASTERNAL NOTCH

TRUE OR FALSE: | There is a large oval fossa on the right side of the jugular notch for articulation with the clavicle

FALSE, THERE IS A LARGE FOSSA ON BOTH SIDES OF THE JUGULAR NOTCH.

What is the structure that is immediately inferior to the large oval fossa that is located on both sides lateral surface of the manubrium?

A FACET FOR THE ATTACHMENT OF THE FIRST COSTAL CARTILAGE

What is the structure located at the lower end of the lateral border of the manubrium?

A DEMIFACET FOR ARTICULATION WITH THE UPPER HALF OF THE ANTERIOR END OF THE SECOND COSTAL CARTILAGE

The body of the sternum is ______

FLAT

A part of the body of sternum that is often marked by transverse ridges that represent lines of fusion between sternebrae

ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE BODY

Segmental element of the body of sternum from which the body of sternum arises embryologically

STERNEBRAE

What does the lateral margins of the body of the sternum have?

ARTICULAR FACETS FOR COSTAL CARTILAGES

TRUE OR FALSE: | Superiorly, each lateral margin has a demifacet for articulation with the inferior aspect of the second costal cartilage

TRUE

The demifacets on the lateral margin have ______ superiorly

FOUR FACETS FOR ARTICULATION WITH THE COSTAL CARTILAGE OF RIB 3 TO 6

What is the structure located at the inferior end of the body of the sternum?

DEMIFACET FOR ARTICULATION WITH THE UPPER DEMIFACETON THE SEVENTH COSTAL CARTILAGE

Where is the inferior end of the body of sternum attached to, that is also considered as the smallest part of the sternum

XIPHOID PROCESS

TRUE OR FALSE: | Xiphoid process has a variety of shape

TRUE, IT MAY BE WIDE, THIN, POINTED. BLIND. CURVED OR PERFORANTER

What is the original form of the xiphoid process?

CARTILAGINOUS STRUCTURE

How does the cartilaginous structure turn into xiphoid process

THROUGH OSSIFICATION

What is the structure found on each side of the upper lateral margin of the xiphoid process?

A DEMIFACET FORARTICULATION WITH THE INFERIOR END OF THE SEVENTH COSTAL CARTILAGE

What does a typical rib articulate with

~BODIES OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAE THAT FORMS A JOINT WITH THE HEAD OF THE RIB ~THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF ITS RELATED VERTEBRA

The transverse process forms what type of joint?

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT

These structures allows the neck of the ribs either to rotate around their longitudinal axes, which occurs mainly in the upper ribs, or to ascend and descend relative to the vertebral column, which occur mainly in the lower ribs.

COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS AND RELATED LIGAMENTS

These are essential for altering the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing

COMBINED MOVEMENTS OF ALL OF THE RIBS ON THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

What does the two facets on the head of the rib articulates with?

THE SUPERIOR FACET ON THE BODY OF ITS OWN VERTEBRA AND WITH THE INFERIOR FACET ON THE BODY OF THE VERTEBRA ABOVE

The joint with head of rib is divided into 2 synovial compartments by what structure that attaches the crest to the adjacent intervertebral disc and separates the two articular surfaces on the head of the rib

INTRAARTICULAR LIGAMENT

TRUE OR FALSE: The two compartments and the intervening ligament are surrounded by a single joint capsule attached to the outer margins of the combined articular surfaces of the head and vertebral column

TRUE

What is the synovial joint between the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of the related vertebra?

COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINTS

TRUE OR FALSE: | The capsule surrounding each costotransverse joint is thin

TRUE

What stabilizes the costotransverse joint that span the space between the transverse process and the rib on the medial and lateral sides of the joint?

2 STRONG EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

The ligament that is medial to the joint and attaches the neck of the rib to the transverse process

COSTOTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

The ligament lateral to the joint and attaches the tip of the transverse process to the roughened nonarticular part of the tubercle of the rib

LATERAL COSTOTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

The third ligament that attaches the superior surface of the neck of the rib to the transverse process of the vertebra above

SUPERIOR COSTOTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

TRUE OR FALSE: | There is a slight gliding movement that occurs at the costotransverse joints

TRUE

Joints between the upper seven costal cartilages and the sternum

STERNOCOSTAL JOINTS

TRUE OR FALSE: The joint between rib 1 and the manubrium is not synovial and consists of a fibrocartilaginous connection between the manubrium and the costal cartilage.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: | The second to seventh joints are synovial and have thin capsules reinforced by surrounding sternocostal ligaments

TRUE

What divides the joint between the second costal cartilage and the sternum into 2 compartments? It also attaches the second costal cartilage to the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

INTRAARTICULAR LIGAMENT

The joint that occurs between the costal cartilages of adjacent ribs, mainly between the costal cartilages of ribs 7 to 10, but it may also involve the costal cartilages of ribs 5 and 6

INTERCHONDRAL JOINTS

What does interchondral joints provide?

~INDIRECT ANCHORAGE TO THE STERNUM | ~CONTRIBUTES TO THE FORMATION OF A SMOOTH INFERIOR COSTAL MARGIN

TRUE OR FALSE: | Interchondral joints are usually cartilaginous

FALSE, IT IS USUALLY SYNOVIAL, AND THE THIN FIBROUS CAPSULES ARE REINFORCED BY INTERCHONDRAL LIGAMENTS

Joints between the manubrium and the body of the sternum . This joints are also between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process are usually symphyses

MANUBRIOSTERNAL AND XIPHISTERNAL JOINTS

What occurs between the manubrium and the body of the sternum during respiration.

SLIGHT ANGULAR MOVEMENTS

TRUE OR FALSE: | The joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process often becomes ossified with age

TRUE

What is an example of a clinically useful feature of the manubriosternal joint?

IT CAN BE PALPATED EASILY

What causes the manubriosternal joint to palpate easily?

THIS IS BECAUSE THE MANUBRIUM NORMALLY ANGLES POSTERIORLY ON THE BODY OF THE STERNUM, FORMING A RAISED FEATURE REFERRE TO AS THE STERNAL ANGLE

This elevation marks the site of articulation of rib 2 with the sternum. It also lies on a horizontal plane that passes through the intervertebral disc between vertebrae T4 and t5.

STERNAL ANGLE

Why is the rib 1 not palpable?

BECAUSE IT LIES INFERIOR TO THE CLAVIVLE AND IS EMBEDDED IN TISSUES ATTHE BASE OF THE NECK

Used as a reference for counting ribs and can be felt immediately lateral to the sternal angle

RIB 2

This plane separates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum marking the superior border of the pericardium. It also passes through the end of the ascending aorta and the beginning of the arch of the aorta, the end of the arch of the aorta and the beginning of the thoracic aorta, and the bifurcation of the trachea, and just superior to the pulmonary trunk

THE HORIZONTAL PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC BETWEEN VERTEBRAE T4 AND T5

A space that lies between adjacent ribs and are filled by intercostal muscles

INTERCOSTAL SPACES

Where does intercostal nerves and associated major arteries and veins lie?

IN THE COSTAL GROOVE

Where is the costal groove located?

ALONG THE INFERIOR MARGIN OF THE SUPERIOR RIB AND PASS IN THE PLANE BETWEEN THE INNER TWO LAYERS OF MUSCLES

What is the most superior structure and the highest in the costal groove in intercostal space?

VEIN

What is the structure inferior to the vein?

ARTERY

What is the structure inferior to the artery and is often not protected by the costal groove which is why it is the structure most at risk when object perforate the upper aspect of an intercostal space?

NERVE

Structures present superior to the inferior rib below

SMALL COLLATERAL BRANCHES OF THE MAJOR INTERCOSTAL NERVES AND VESSELS

Layer of loose connective tissue located deep to the intercostal spaces and ribs that separates intercostal nerves from the underlying pleura which contains variable amounts of fat

ENDOTHORACIC FASCIA

Overall components include those that fill and support the intercostal spaces, those that pass between the sternum and the ribs, and those that cross several ribs between costal attachment

MUSCLES OF THORACIC WALL

These alter the position of the ribs and sternum and changes the thoracic volume during breathing. They also reinforce the thoracic wall

MUSCLES OF THORACIC WALL AND THE MUSCLES BETWEEN THE VERTEBRAE AND RIBS POSTERIORLY

What are the muscles between the vertebrae and ribs in the posterior?

~LEVATORES COSTARUM ~SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ~SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR

The 3 flat muscles found in each intercostal spaces that passes between adjacent ribs

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What are the individual muscles of the intercostal muscles that are named according to their positions?

~EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE ~INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE ~INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What is the most superficial intercostal muscle?

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What is the middle sandwiched layer of intercostal muscle?

INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What is the deepest intercostal muscle?

INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE

What are the superior attachment of the external intercostal?

INFERIOR MARGIN OF RIB ABOVE

What are the inferior attachment of the external intercostal?

SUPERIOR MARGIN OF RIB BELOW

What are the innervations of the external intercostal?

INTERCOSTAL NERVES | T1-T11

What are the functions of the external intercostal?

~MOST ACTIVE DURING INSPIRATION(EXHALATION) ~SUPPORTS INTERCOSTAL SPACES ~MOVES RIBS SUPERIORLY

What are the superior attachment of the internal intercostal?

LATERAL EDGE OF COSTAL GROOVE OF RIB ABOVE

What are the inferior attachment of the internal intercostal?

SUPERIOR MARGIN OF RIB BELOW DEEP TO THE ATTACHMENT OF THE RELATED EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL

What are the innervations of the internal intercostal?

INTERCOSTAL NERVES | T1-T11

What are the functions of the internal intercostal?

~MOST ACTIVE DURING EXPIRATION(EXHALATION) ~SUPPORTS INTERCOSTAL SPACES ~MOVES RIBS INFERIORLY

What are the superior attachment of the innermost intercostal?

MEDIAL EDGE OF COSTAL GROOVE OF RIB ABOVE

What are the inferior attachment of the internal intercostal?

INTERNAL ASPECT OF SUPERIOR MARGIN OF RIB BELOW

What are the innervations of the internal intercostal?

INTERCOSTAL NERVES | T1-T11

What are the functions of the internal intercostal?

ACTS WITH INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What are the superior attachment of the subcostales?

INTERNAL SURFACE OF LOWER RIBS

What are the inferior attachment of the subcostales?

INTERNAL SURFACE OF 2ND OR 3RD RIB BELOW

What are the Innervations of the subcostales?

RELATED INTERCOSTAL NERVES

What are the functions of the subcostales?

DEPRESSES RIBS

What are the superior attachment of the transversus thoracis?

INFERIOR MARGINS AND INTERNAL SURFACES OF COSTAL CARTILAGES OF 2ND TO 6TH RIBS

What are the inferior attachment of the transversus thoracis?

~INFERIOR ASPECT OF DEEP SURFACE OF BODY OF STERNUM ~XIPHOID PROCESS COSTAL CARTILAGES OF RIBS 4 TO 7

What are the innervations of the transversus thoracis?

RELATED INTERCOSTAL NERVES

What are the functions of the transversus thoracis?

DEPRESSES COSTAL CARTILAGES

The structure innervated by related intercostal nerves and provides structural support for the intercostal spaces during breathing. it also moves the ribs

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

How many pairs of external intercostal muscles are there?

11 PAIRS

A muscle that extends from the inferior margins of the ribs above to the superior margins of the ribs below

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

What is the inferior margins?

LATERAL EDGES OF COSTAL GROOVES

How does the muscle fibers of the external intercostal muscles pass when the thoracic wall is viewed from a lateral positions?

ANTEROINFERIORLY

TRUE OR FALSE: The muscles extend around the thoracic wall from the regions of the tubercles of the ribs to the costal cartilages, where each layer continues as external intercostal membrane

TRUE

A thin connective tissue aponeurosis

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MEMBRANE

How many pairs of internal intercostal muscles are there?

11 PAIRS

The muscle that passes between the most inferior lateral edge of the costal grooves of the rib above, to the superior margins of the rib below. It also extends from parasternal regions, where the muscles course between adjacent costal cartilages, to the angle of the ribs posteriorly.

INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

The internal intercostal muscles continues medially towards the vertebral column, in each intercostal space as what?

INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MEMBRANE

How does the muscle fibers of the internal intercostal muscles passes?

IT PASSES IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO THOSE OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

TRUE OR FALSE: | When the thoracic wall is viewed from a lateral position, the muscle fibers passes obliquely postero-inferiorly

TRUE

The least distinct of the intercostal muscles, with its fibers having the same orientation as the internal intercostals. These are most evident in the lateral thoracic wall extending between the inner surface of adjacent ribs from the medial edge of the costal groove to the deep surfaces of the rib below.

INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

Where does the neurovascular bundles associated with the intercostal spaces pass?

IT PASSES AROUND THE THORACIC WALL IN THE COSTAL GROOVES IN A PLANE BETWEEN THE INNERMOST AND INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

The muscle that is in the same plane as the innermost intercostal, spanning multiple ribs, and are more numerous in the lower regions of the posterior thoracic wall. It extends from the internal surfaces of one rib to the internal surface of the 2nd or 3rd rib below

SUBCOSTALES

TRUE OR FALSE: The fibers of the subcostales are parallel the course of the internal muscles and extend from the angle of the ribs to more medial positions on the rib below

TRUE

Muscles found on the deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall and is in the same plane as the innermost intercostals.

TRANSVERSUS THORACIS MUSCLES

Where does the transversus thoracis muscles originate from?

FROM THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE XIPHOID PROCESS, THE INFERIOR PART OF THE BODY OF THE STERNUM, AND THE ADJACENT COSTAL CARTILAGES OF THE LOWER TRUE RIBS.

TRUE OR FALSE: The transversus thoracis muscle passes superiorly and laterally to insert into the lower borders of the costal cartilages of ribs 3 to 6.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: | The transverse thoracis muscle pull elements superiorly

FALSE, THEY PULL ELEMENTS INFERIORLY

Where does the transversus thoracis muscle lie?

THEY LIE DEEP TO THE INTERNAL THORACICVESSELS AND SECURE THESE VESSELS TO THE WALL

Vessels that supply the thoracic wall consists mainly of what? It passes around the wall between adjacent ribs in intercostal spaces.

POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

Where does the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries originate from?

IT ORIGINATED FROM THE AORTA AND INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERIES

Where does the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES IN THE ROOT OF THE NECK

What does the intercostal arteries form?

THE INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES FORM A BASKET-LIKE PATTERN OF A VASCULAR SUPPLY AROUND THE THORACIC WALL

The artery that originates from vessels associated with the posterior thoracic wall

POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

Where did the posterior intercostal arteries derived from? | It descends into the thorax as a branch of the costocervical trunk in the neck

SUPREME INTERCOSTAL ARTERY

A posterior branch of the subclavian artery

COSTOCERVICAL TRUNK

TRUE OR FALSE: | The remaining nine pairs of posterior intercostal arteries arise from the posterior surface of the thoracic aorta

TRUE

Where is the aorta located?

THE AORTA IS LOCATED ON THE LEFT SIDE OFTHE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

TRUE OR FALSE: The posterior intercostal passing to the right side of the thoracic wall crosses the midline anterior to the bodies of the vertebrae and therefore are longer than the corresponding vessels on the left because of the location of the aorta

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: In addition to having numerous branches that supply various components of the wall, the posterior intercostal arteries have branches that accompany lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves to superficial regions

TRUE

Where did anterior intercostal arteries originate from?

ORIGINATE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY AS LATERAL BRANCHES FROM THE INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERIES

Arises as a major branch of the of the subclavian artery in the neck. It passes anteriorly over the cervical dome of the pleura and descends vertically through the superior thoracic aperture and along the deep aspect of the anterior thoracic wall.

INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY

TRUE OR FALSE: On each side, the internal thoracic artery lies posterior to the costal cartilages of the upper six ribs and about 1 cm lateral to the sternum.

TRUE

What are the 2 terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

~SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY | ~MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY

The artery that continues inferiorly into the anterior abdominal wall

SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY

The artery that passes along the costal margin and goes through the diaphragm, and ends near the last intercostal space

MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY

Supplies the upper six intercostal spaces. Arises as lateral branches from the internal thoracic artery. Generally smaller than posterior vessels

ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

Structures that supplies the lower spaces arise from what artery?

MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY

What are the 2 branches of anterior intercostal arteries?

~ONE PASSES BELOW THE MARGIN OF THE UPPER RIB | ~ONE PASSES ABOVE THE MARGIN OF THE LOWER RIB AND MEETS A COLLATERAL BRANCH OF THE POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERY

TRUE OR FALSE: | The distribution of the anterior and posterior intercostal vessels overlap and can develop anastomotic connections

TRUE

What are the structures the internal thoracic arteries gives rise to?

~ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES ~NUMBER OF OTHER BRANCHES ~PERFORAAING BRANCHES THAT PASS DIRECTLY FORWARD BETWEEN THE COSTAL CARTILAGES TO SUPPLY STRUCTURES EXTERNAL TO THE THORACIC WALL.

TRUE OR FALSE: Venous drainage from the thoracic wall generally parallels the pattern of arterial supply

TRUE

Where does the intercostal veins ultimately drains into?

AZYGOS SYSTEM OF VEINS OR INTO INTERNAL THORACIC VEIN

Where does the internal thoracic vein or the azygos system of vein connects to?

BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS IN THE NECK

What does the upper posterior intercostal veins on the left side forms into?

LEFT SUPERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEINS

Where does the left superior intercostal vein empties?

IT EMPTIES INTO THE LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN

What does the upper posterior intercostal veins on the right side forms into?

RIGHT SUPERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEIN

Where does the right superior intercostal vein empties?

IT EMPTIES INTO THE AZYGOS VEIN

Vessels of the thoracic wall that drains mainly into lymph nodes associated with the internal thoracic arteries, head and necks of ribs, and diaphragm

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

Lymph nodes associated with the internal thoracic arteries.

PARASTERNAL NODES

Lymph nodes associated with the heads and necks of ribs

INTERCOSTAL NODES

Lymph nodes associated with the diaphragm. It is posterior to the xiphoid process and at sites where the phrenic nerves penetrate the diaphragm They also occur in regions where the diaphragm is attached to the vertebral column

DIAPHRAGMATIC NODES

Where does the parasternal nodes and intercostal nodes in the upper thorax drain to?

BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNKS

Where does the intercostal nodes in the lower thorax drain to?

THORACIC DUCT

Nodes associated with the diaphragm interconnect with what structures?

``` ~PARASTERNAL ~PREVERTEBRAL ~JUXTA-ESOPHAGEAL NODES ~BRACHIOCEPHALIC NODES ~LATERAL AORTIC/LUMBAR NODES ```

What nerves are responsible for the innervations of the thoracic wall? It is also the anterior rami of spinal nerves T1 to T11 and lie in the intercostal spaces between adjacent ribs

INTERCOSTAL NERVES

The thoracic spine that lie in the intercostal spaces between adjacent ribs

THORACIC SPINE T1 TO T11

The structure that is inferior to rib 12

THE ANTERIOR RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE T12

The nerve that passes laterally around the thoracic wall in an intercostal space

TYPICAL INTERCOSTAL NERVE

The largest branch which pierces the lateral thoracic wall and divides into an anterior branch and a posterior branch that innervate the overlying skin

LATERAL CUTANEOUS BRANCH

The intercostal nerves end as what? it is a structure that emerges parasternally, between adjacent costal cartilage, or laterally to the midline, on the anterior abdominal wall, to supply the skin

ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS BRANCHES

Where can small collateral branches be found?

IN THE INTERCOSTAL SPACE RUNNING ALONG THE SUPERIOR BORDER OF THE LOWER RIB

What does the intercostal nerves carry?

~SOMATIC MOTOR INNERVATIONS TO THE MUSCLES OF THETHORACIC WALL ~SOMATIC SENSORY INNERVATION FROM THE SKIN AND PARIETALPLEURA ~POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS TO THE PERIPHERY

What supplies the sensory innervation of the skin overlying the upper thoracic wall? It descends from the cervical plexus in the neck

CUTANEOUS BRANCHES/ SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES

TRUE OR FALSE: | The intercostal nerves innervates the thoracic wall

TRUE

What are the other regions intercostal nerves innervates with?

~ANTERIOR RAMUS OF T1 WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS ~THE LATERAL CUTANEOUS BRANCH OF THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL NERVE ~THE LOWER INTERCOSTAL NERVE

This contributes to the brachial plexus

ANTERIOR RAMUS OF T1

This contributes to the cutaneous innervation of the medial surface of the upper arm

LATERAL CUTANEOUS BRANCH OF 2ND INTERCOSTAL NERVE OR THE INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVE

This supply the muscles, skin, and peritoneum of the abdominal wall

LOWER INTERCOSTAL NERVES

PRELIMS: THORAX - REGIONAL ANATOMY (THORACIC WALL) Flashcards

(220 cards)