Prelims WEEK 1

Question 1

The kidney will release a hormone called: ______________
which promotes erythropoiesis.

Answer 1

erythropoietin

Question 2

• Slit membranes prevent filtration of proteins

Answer 2

Visceral epithelium (podocytes)

Question 3

• Pressure that forces the fluid outside a vessel.

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 4

• Prressure that maintains the fluid inside the vessel.

Answer 4

Oncotic pressure

Question 5

Normal GFR

Answer 5

120/MIN

Question 6

Triggering factor or stimulant of RAAS

Answer 6

low plasma pressure and low
plasma sodium

Question 7

plasma concentration of a substance at
which active transport stops and increased amounts are
excreted in the urine

Answer 7

Renal threshold

Question 8

______ Transport
* Substance combines with carrier protein

Answer 8

Active

Question 9

Important in regulating osmolarity of the medullary interstitial
fluid

Answer 9

LOOP OF HENLE

Question 10

• Impermeable to water (no reabsorption of water)

Answer 10

ACENDING LIMB

Question 11

FINAL CONCENTRATION OF THE FILTRATE Takes place at?

Answer 11

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

Question 12

reflects the ability of the kidney to maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

• Measures the rate at which the kidneys can remove or clear
  a filterable substance from the blood

Answer 13

Clearance Test

Question 14

Markers administered/ injected to patients

Answer 14

exogenous

Question 15

waste product of muscle metabolism that is
produced enzymatically by creatine phosphokinase from
creatine

Answer 15

creatinine

Question 16

Major end product of protein and amino acid metabolism

Answer 16

urea clearance: endogenous

Question 17

• For screening and monitoring GFR
• Small protein (M.W. = 13,359)
• Produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells

Answer 17

cystatin C

Question 18

• Molecular weight - 11,800
• Dissociates from human leukocyte antigens at a constant
  rate

Answer 18

BETA2-MICROGLOBULIN

Question 19

________ Test
* Patients are deprived of fluids for 24 hrs prior to measuring
the specific gravity; obsolete

Answer 19

Fishberg

Question 20

________ Test
* Compares the volume and specific gravity of day and night
samples; obsolete

Answer 20

Mosenthal

Question 21

Serum osmolality: ____________ mOsm

Answer 21

275 to 300mOsm

Question 22

____________ Diabetes Insipidus
* No ability/ capacity to release ADH
* Unable to stimulate hypothalamus to release ADH; problem with hormones

Answer 22

Neurogenic

Question 23

_________Diabetes Insipidus
* ADH is present but kidney is unresponsive to ADH

Answer 23

Nephrogenic

Question 24

What is inside the PCT, blood or filtrate?

Answer 24

filtrate

Question 25

What is inside the afferent arteriole, blood or filtrate?

Answer 25

blood

Question 26

Which part of the nephron acts a sieve?

Answer 26

glomerulus

Question 27

* Contain numerous pores (fenestrae)

Answer 27

capillary wall membrane