Prelinguistic period Flashcards
What are risk factors for communication disorders in infants?
Prenatal–alcohol/drug consumption during pregnancy, in utero infections
Prematurity and low birth weight
Genetic and congenital disorders
Hearing impairment, other conditions not detected until later
What is prematurity?
Children born prior to 37 weeks gestation with low birth weight
What is low birth weight?
Less than 2500 grams (5.5 lbs)
What is very low birth weight?
Less than 1500 grams (3.3 lbs)
What is the risk of developmental delays for infants born before 27 weeks?
near 34%
What is the risk of developmental delays for infants born before 23 weeks?
45%
Why are very low birth weight babies at an increased risk for hearing impairment?
Illnesses, medications toxic to auditory system
What are the types of feeding tubes commonly used for infant nonoral feeding?
Nasogastric–inserted through nose, descends down pharynx and into stomache
Orogastric (gavage) tube–inserted through mouth
Nasojejunal tube (gastronomy tube)–inserted into the second part of the intestine. Longer period of time
What can SLPs do to help children on G tubes long term with future feeding?
Encourage parents to offer baby opportunities for non-nutritive sucking (Ex: pacifier), to strengthen sucking reflex
What is cue based feeding?
Mother is taught to pay attention to infant cues of engagement in feeding to help the infant pace
What are some techniques for facilitating feeding?
Positioning
pacing-allow infant 3-4 sucks of milk, gently remove nippled(to swallow), 2-3 sucks when baby shows feeding readiness, repeat until baby ends feeding.
Negative resistance–Feeder tugs back gently while infant sucking (stimulates longer and stronger suck for infants w/ inefficient sucking/biting)
Specialized feeding equipment (various flow rate, suction, compression)
Modifying temperature/consistency–colder slower, easier to swallow
Oral stimulation during feeding, as well as not during feeding
What reflexes should be present in an infant during feeding?
Suckling, sucking, rooting, phasic bite reflex
What is suckling?
Primative form of sucking, includes extension and retraction of the tongue and up and down jaw movements, loose lip closure
What is sucking?
More mature pattern than suckling. More intraoral negative pressure is generated, tongue tip is elevated, lip approximation firmed, jaw movement more rhythmic
What is rooting?
Causes infant to turn head toward the source of tactile stimulation (gentle rubbing) of the lips or lower cheek
What is the phasic bite reflex?
When teeth or gums are stimulated, baby exhibits rhythmic bite and release pattern (can be observed as series of small jaw openings and closings)
What are some predictors for Need of intervention for language production?
Small vocabulary, verbs (less than 15% of first 50 word vocab), use more transitive verbs (takes direct object) than intransitive (no direct object)
What are some predictors for Need of intervention for comprehension?
- 6 month delay
- Large comprehension/expressive gap
What are some predictors for Need of intervention for phonology?
- Few prelinguistic vocalizations
- Limited consonants; 50% incorrect
- Limited babbling
- Vowel errors
What are some predictors for Need of intervention in terms of imitation?
- -Have few spontaneous imitations
- -Reliance on modeling and prompting
What are some predictors for Need of intervention for nonverbal ability?
- -Issues with play, not using symbolic play, sequences
- -few gestures
- -social skills (poor communication with adults/peers. Few communicative intentions, initiations)
What are some risk factors for need of intervention?
Male, otitis media, family history, parents have ( low maternal education, low SES, more directive style, respond less contingently to child), overconcerned parents (fostering low self esteem), eligibility of setting
What is typical for communicative ability (frequency) at 18 and 24 months?
18 mo: 2 acts/minute
24 months: 5-7 acts/minute
What is typical for multiword utterances at 18-24 months? 25 mos?
18-24 mo: 2-wd phrases
25 mo: 78% of children use multiword telegraphic utterances
