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PCOL > PREMID > Flashcards

PREMID Flashcards

1
Q

the study of drug action.

A

PHARMACOLOGY

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2
Q

It involves looking at the interaction of chemical substances with the systems in our bodies, as well as identifying ways in which our biological systems affect drugs.

A

PHARMACOLOGY

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3
Q

which means drugs/medicine

A

PHARMAKON

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4
Q

which means to study

A

LOGOS (LOGY)

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5
Q

it is defined as the study of drugs.

A

PHARMACOLOGY

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6
Q

the INTERACTION of drugs and living organisms

A

PHARMACOLOGY

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7
Q

A substance (other than food) derived from either natural, synthetic, microbial, and other source, presented in different dosage forms used in prevention, diagnosis relieve or alleviate, as supplement (to enhance physical or mental well-being) and treatment or cure, of diseases.

A

DRUG (MEDICINE)

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8
Q

Every drug is given which is a precise description of its chemical constituents and indicates the arrangement and position of atoms ot atomic groups.

A

CHEMICAL NAME

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9
Q

this is long and too cumbersome to remember.

A

CHEMICAL NAME

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10
Q

genetically engineered drugs

A

BIOSYNTHETIC SOURCES

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11
Q

This is a new field which us being developed by mixing discoveries from molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, DNA alteration, gene splicing, immunology, and immune pharmacology.

A

BIOSYNTHETIC SOURCES

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12
Q

Compounding and dispensing

A

PHARMACY

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13
Q

100% bioavailability route, used for emergency.

A

IV / INTRAVENOUS

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14
Q

Routes of drug administration

A

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

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15
Q

The dose of drug

A

POSOLOGY

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16
Q

known by generic, non-proprietary. This is the name given to a drug after it might have been found to be of therapeutic use. It is the name with which the drug is described in official books of reference like pharmacopoeias.

A

GENERIC NAME

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17
Q

It is easier to read and pronounce than the drug’s chemical name.

A

GENERIC NAME

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18
Q

It is the name given to a drug by its manufacturer. A drug may have several brand names, depending on the number of manufacturers.

A

BRAND NAME

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19
Q

It is easy to remember, short, catchy and most often suggestive of the drug component.

A

BRAND NAME

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20
Q

Name listed in official books or pharmacopeia.

A

OFFICIAL NAME

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21
Q

(OFFICIAL NAME IS THE SAME WITH THE GENERIC NAME)

A
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22
Q

Books containing the standards of drugs and related substances are known as Pharmacopoeias and Formularies, collectively these books are known as Drug Compendia.

A

OFFICIAL BOOKS OR PHARMACOPEIA

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23
Q

Poieo which means

A

MAKE

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24
Q

USP

A

UNITED STATED PHARMACOPOEIA

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25
Q

NF

A

NATIONAL FORMULARY

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26
Q

Grouping according to chemical structure

A

CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION

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27
Q

Grouping according to therapeutic indication.

A

THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION

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28
Q

Drug that relieve pain

A

ANALGESICS

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29
Q

Drug that causes loss of sensation

A

ANESTHETIC

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30
Q

Drug used in controlling or preventing allergic symptoms.

A

ANTI-ALLERGY

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31
Q

Drug that helps prevent the symptoms of asthma.

A

ANTIASTHMA

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32
Q

Drug that reduce or block histamines, so they stop allergy symptoms.

A

ANTIHISTAMINES

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33
Q

A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

A

ANTIBIOTIC

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34
Q

Used to prevent or reduce or lower an elevated body temperature or fever.

A

ANTIPYRETIC

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35
Q

Medicines that suppress coughing, also known as cough suppressants.

A

ANTITUSSIVE

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36
Q

Drug to dissolve mucus or phlegm.

A

MUCOLYTIC

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37
Q

Drug that helps looses mucus so you can cough it up. It does this by increasing the water content of the mucus, thinning it out, making you cough more productive.

A

EXPECTORANT

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38
Q

Drug that relieves pain such ad codeine, tramadol, and morphine.

A

OPIOID PAINKILLERS

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39
Q

Drugs that relieve pain such as paracetamol.

A

OPIATE PAINKILLERS

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40
Q

Drug that relieves pain such as Ibuprofen, naproxen.

A

NSAIDS (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

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41
Q

Drugs not approved for medical use. High potential for abuse.

A

CI or CSI

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42
Q

Examples: Hallucinogens, Heroin, Marijuana

A

CI Or CSI

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43
Q

Drugs having medicinal use. High potential for abuse.

A

CII or CSII

44
Q

Examples: Barbiturates, CNS stimulants, Hypnotics, Narcotic Analgesics, Sedatives

A

CII or CSII

45
Q

Drugs less potential for abuse then CII, Potential for dependence.

A

CIII or CSIII

46
Q

Examples: Male sex hormones, other CNS stimulants

A

CIII or CSIII

47
Q

Drugs less potential for buse then CIII, Limited potential for dependence.

A

CIV or CSIV

48
Q

Drugs containing small amount of controlled substances: limited potential for abuse.

A

CV or CSV

49
Q

Examples: Antitussives like DM, Antidiarrheal like loperamide

A

CV or CSV

50
Q

What unit shall we use for weighing the Clark’s Rule

A

POUNDS

51
Q

Controlled studies show no risk: Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate risk to the fetus.

A

CATEGORY A

52
Q

No evidence of risk in humans: Either animal findings show risk, but human findings do not; or, if no adequate human studies have been done, animal findings are negative.

A

CATEGORY B

53
Q

Risk cannot be ruled: Human studies are lacking and animal studies are either positive for fetal risk or lacking as well. However, potential benefits may justify potential risk.

A

CATEGORY C

54
Q

Positive evidence of risk: Investigational or postmarketing data show risk to the fetus. Nevertheless, potential benefits may outweigh risks.

A

CATEGORY D

55
Q

Contraindicated in pregnancy: Studies in animals or humans, or investigational or postmarketing reports, have shown fetal risk that clearly outweighs any possible benefit to the patient.

A

CATEGORY X

56
Q

For infants up to 2 years

Age in months / 150 X adult dose [a.d]

A

FRIED’S RULE

57
Q

Age in years / Age in Years + 12 X Adult dose [a.d]

A

YOUNG’S RULE

58
Q

Age of child at next birthday / 24 X Adult dose [a.d]

A

COWLING’S RULE

59
Q

Weight in pounds (lbs) / 150 X adult dose [a.d]

A

CLARK’S RULE

60
Q

formula utilized both height and weight [ body surface area or BSA] of the patient

A

NOMOGRAM

61
Q

the time that tames the drug to reach it MINIMUM effect

A

ONSET OF ACTION

62
Q

the time that takes the drug to reach it MAXIMUM effect

A

PEACK OF ACTION

63
Q

the length of time that the drug remains in the body.

A

DURATION OF ACTION

64
Q

the receptor of drug. The molecular cell where the drugs exerts its action and effect.

A

SITE OF ACTION

65
Q

Expected effect

A

SIDE EFFECT

66
Q

Unexpected effect

A

ADVERSE EFFECT

67
Q

It is worse than side effect

A

ADVERSE EFFECT

68
Q

all drugs are toxic… identified by the incidence and severity of adverse reaction.

A

TOXICITY

69
Q

chemical that activates the receptor to produce a biological response

A

AGONIST

70
Q

Block receptors activation by agonists./ BLOCKERS

A

ANTAGONIST

71
Q

THE RELEASE OF DRUG FROM ITS DOSAGE FORM.

A

LIBERATION

72
Q

THE TRANSFER OF DRUG ACROSS THE BIOLOGIC MEMBRANES TO THE TARGETTISSUE.BIOLOGIC MEMBRANE MAYBE THE SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE EYES OR EAR, VAGINA OR RECTUM.

A

ABSORPTION

73
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH DRUGS ARE TRANSPORTED BY BLOOD OR OTHER FLUIDS TO THE SITE OF ACTION.

A

DISTRIBUTION

74
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A DRUG IS ENZYMATICALLY CONVERTED OR CONJUGATED FROM ITS ORIGINAL FORM TO A SIMPLER COMPOUND.

A

METABOLISM [OR BIOTRANSFORMATION]

75
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A DRUG IS REMOVED FROM THE BODY.

A

EXCRETION OR ELIMINATION

76
Q

Pure drugs must contain only one chemical agent; but this is rarely Attainable, because there shall always be additives or called excipients.

A

PURITY

77
Q

is the drug’s strength which depends on the concentration of active drug or ingredient.

A

POTENCY

78
Q

the measure of the rate and extent of drug transfer from site of
administration to systemic circulation.

A

BIOAVAILABILITY

79
Q

Drugs safety is measured by the incidence and severity of adverse reactions

A

SAFETY

80
Q

all chemicals or drugs are toxic to certain degree.

A

TOXICITY

81
Q

Sources or Origin of Drugs

A

PHARMACOGNOSY

82
Q

A number of plants have medicinal qualities and have been used for centuries as drugs or drug sources. Although the earliest plant source for drugs was the leaf, other parts of plants (e.g., barks, fruits, roots, stem, wood, seeds, blossoms, bulb etc.) were also later exploited for drug extraction. Where the product is used without further processing e.g., ground leaves or bark, boiled concoctions or powdered sap, the substance is called crude drug.

A

PLANT SOURCES

83
Q

A number of plants have medicinal qualities and have been used for centuries as drugs or drug sources. Although the earliest plant source for drugs was the leaf, other parts of plants (e.g., barks, fruits, roots, stem, wood, seeds, blossoms, bulb etc.) were also later exploited for drug extraction. Where the product is used without further processing e.g., ground leaves or bark, boiled concoctions or powdered sap, the substance is called crude drug.

A

PLANT SOURCES

84
Q

are drugs that bind to the receptor and prevent the cell from producing the effect especially the adverse effect.

A

ANATAGONIST

85
Q

In most instances, these medicinal substances are derived from the animal’s body secretions, fluid or glands. Insulin, heparin, adrenaline, thyroxin, cod liver oil, musk, beeswax, enzymes, and antitoxins sera are some examples of drugs obtained from animal sources. Like plant products, drugs from animal sources may be crude (unrefined) or refined material.

A

ANIMAL SOURCES

86
Q

Several life-saving drugs have been historically derived from microorganisms.

A

MICROBIAL SOURCES

87
Q

Bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna have extensive past and present use in the prevention, treatment, or cure of many diseases. Coral, sponges, fish, and marine microorganisms produce biologically potent chemicals with interesting anti-inflammatory, anti- viral, and anticancer activity.

A

MARINE SOURCES

88
Q

have been used as drugs since ancient times. Our body requires trace elements of minerals in order to maintain homeostasis. Patients lacking an adequate level of these materials may take specific mineral-based drugs to raise the level of minerals.

A

MINERAL SOURCES

89
Q

A synthetic drug is produced using chemical synthesis, which rearranges chemical derivatives to form a new compound. The synthetic sources of drugs evolved with human skills in the laboratory and advanced knowledge and understanding of phytochemical investigation. At present, majority of drugs used in clinical practice are exclusively prepared synthetically in pharmaceutical and chemical laboratory.

A

SYNTHETIC-MAN-MADE

90
Q

completely natural nor completely synthetic. They are a hybrid and are generally made by chemically modifying substances that are available from natural source to improve its potency, efficacy and/or reduce side effects.

A

SEMI-SYNTHETIC SOURCES

91
Q

the nucleus of drug obtained from natural source is kept intact but the chemical structure is altered

A

semi-synthetic drugs

92
Q

Amount of medication required to produce the desired outcome Effect-Therapeutic effect.

A

THERAPEUTIC DOSE

93
Q

amount of drug more than the therapeutic dose.

Effect-toxic effect

A

TOXIC DOSE

94
Q

dose of drug that produce deadly effect.

Effect: instant death.

A

LETHAL DOSE/EFFECT

95
Q

Dangerous Drug Act of 1992, as Amended, providing Funds therefor, and for other purposes. This Act, consisting of 101 sections, provides for importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 6425

96
Q

Generics Act of 1988

A

REPUBLIC ACT 6675

97
Q

An Act to Promote, Require and Ensure the Production of an Adequate Supply, Distribution, Use and Acceptance of Drugs and Medicines Identified by their Generic Names.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 6675

98
Q

Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs

A

REPUBLIC ACT 8203

99
Q

“Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs,” refers to a counterfeit product as a medicine with correct ingredients in wrong amounts, wrong ingredients, without active ingredients, or with sufficient quantity of active ingredient that results in the reduction of the drug’s safety, efficacy, quality, .

A

REPUBLIC ACT 8203

100
Q

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act 2002

This regulation aims to promote the establishment and institutionalization of drug-free workplace policies in all government agencies and ensure that all public officers, both elective and appointive, remain drug-free through the conduct of authorized drug testing pursuant to the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of .

A

REPUBLIC ACT 9165

101
Q

An Act Providing for Cheaper and Quality Medicines,

A

REPUBLIC ACT 9502

102
Q

Republic Act No. 3720). An Act to ensure the safety and purity of food, drugs and cosmetics being made available to the public by creating the Food and Drug Administration which shall administer and enforce the laws pertaining thereto.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 9502

103
Q

Otherwise known as the pharmacy Law.

AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY AND SETTING STANDARDS OF
PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 5921

104
Q

An Act Regulating and Modernizing
the Philippines, repealing for the Purpose RA No. 5921, otherwise known as the “Pharmacy Law”.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 10918

105
Q

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act

A

REPUBLICK ACT 3720

106
Q

Consumer Act of the Philippines of 1991) as the legal basis for consumer protection in the country. The law embodies the state policy on the protection of consumers and establishes standards of conduct for business and industry in the country.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 7394

107
Q

AN ACT PENALIZING PERSONS DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, DANGEROUS DRUGS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

A

REPUBLIC ACT 10586

PCOL (4 decks)

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