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Dental Morphology > premolars > Flashcards

premolars Flashcards

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1
Q

secondary dentiion

at what age do maxillary and mandibular first premolars erupt?

max and mandibular premolars erupt together for the same tooth type

A

10-11

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2
Q

1.

at what age do mx and mn second premolars erupt?

what’s so special about this age?

A

11-12

maxillary canines erupt at this age range too

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3
Q

fdi notation of first premolars

A

14, 24, 34, 44

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4
Q

universal number of first premolars

A

5, 12, 21, 28

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5
Q

universal number of second premolars

A

4,13, 20, 29

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6
Q

fdi notation of second premolars

A

15,25, 35, 45

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7
Q

dimensions

what’s so special abt md of mn 2nd premolar?

A

root length > crown length
facial and lingual root length of the mx first pm is identical
OC > MD

FL > OC in maxillary premolars
FL< OC in mn first premolar FL = IC in mn second premolar
FL>MD in all premolars thicker than wide

mn second premolar: lingual MD > facial MD

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8
Q

Crown outline forms

facial, mesial and distal

A

facial: pentagonal
m/d: trapezoidal for mx, rhomboidal for mn
**rhomboidal mn first premolar has substantial lingual tilt **

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9
Q

crown outline form

occlusal view

A

mx first pm: hexagonal
mn second pm: ovoid
mn first pm: diamond/rhomboidal
mn second pm: square

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10
Q

facial view

mx cusp ridges

A

mx first pm: mesial cusp ridge > and straighter than distal cr w 100-120 deg angle
mx second pm: distal cusp ridge > mesial cusp ridge w 125-130 angle

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11
Q

mn cusp ridges

A

mn first premolar: distal cr > mesial cr different from mx first pm w 100-120 deg angle same as mx first pm
mn second pm: 130 deg angle same as mx second pm

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12
Q

mx first pm cusp tip

A

offset slightly distal

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13
Q

mn first pm cusp tip

A

facial cusp relatively sharp offset slightly to mesial

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14
Q

sharpness of mn second pm

A

relatively blunt

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15
Q

facial view

mesial and distal prox contacts of mx pm

A

mx first and second pm mc: junction of occlusal and middle third
mx first and second pm dc: middle third

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16
Q

facial view

mesial and distal prox contacts location of mn premolars

A

mn first pm mc and dc: middle third
mn second pm mc and dc: jkunction of occlusal and middle third

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17
Q

facial view

cervical line form

A

evenly convex towards apex in mx premolars
evenly curved and slightly convex in mn first pm
evenly curved, less convex in mn second pm

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18
Q

which 2 premolars have well developed and relatively prominent buccal (facial) ridges?

how is the facial ridge of mx compared to mn?

A

maxillary first premolar and mandibular first premolar
mx buccal ridge more prominent than mandibular

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19
Q

facial developmental depressions

A

mx first pm: m and d facial dev depressions usually present
mx second pm: mesial rarely present (2%), distal sometimes present (25%)
mn first pm: smooth in the occlusal 1/3, mesial likely to be deeper
mn second pm: mostly absent, when present distal likely to be deeper

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20
Q

number of roots

A

mx first pm: mostly 2
mx second pm: 1 conically shaped root
mn first and second pm: 1

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21
Q

root curvature

applicable to mx second pm, mn first and second pm

A

mx second pm: distal curvature at apex of root
mn first pm: distal curvature at apex of foot
mn second pm: most of the time distal curvature at apex of root

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22
Q

m/d view

occlusal table location

A

mx first pm: centred over root trunk
mn first pm: slopes lingually

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23
Q

m/d view

cusp tip position

A

mx first pm: located aligned w the apex of the facial / lingual root
mn first pm: facial cusp centred FL, lingual cusp in line with lingual surface of root
mn second pm: facial cusp at junction of facial and middle third

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24
Q

m/d view

cusp heights

Study These Flashcards
A

mx first pm: facial taller and sharper than lingual cusp
mx second pm: facial and lingual cusp nearly same length
mn first pm: facial cusp much taller than lingual cusp

mn second pm: facial cusp taller than the lingual cusp
mn second pm: mesio lingual cusp is longer and taller than distolingual cusp

25
# m/d view marginal ridge groove | grooves are linear depressions, marginal = extend onto mr
mx first pm: marginal ridge groove on **mesial** marginal ridge is very prominent at 2/3 of FL distance, distal marginal ridge rarely has developmental groove crossing it mx second pm: mesial mr ridge usually absent, distal mr ridge more likely absent mn first pm: usually no mr groove mn second pm: usually no mr groove but rarer on distal mr
26
# m/d view marginal ridge anatomy
mx first pm: m mr < d mr *mesial mr groove present* mx second pm: rare to have m mr **for mx premolars, DISTAL marginal ridge is located more cervically than mesial marginal ridge** mn first pm: m mr more **cervical** than d mr , d mr more **horizontal** than m mr mn second pm: distal mr **cervical** to m mr, m mr horizontal at **right angle** to long axis, d mr concave
27
# m/d view triangular ridge angulation
mx first pm: facial and lingual tr at 45 deg to occlusal surface mn first pm: facial tr slopes lingually at roughly 45 deg
28
# m/d view facial and lingual hoc
mx **first and second** pm: facial at cervical third, lingual at middle third mn first pm: facial at cervical third, lingual at middle third *near lingual cusp tip* mn second pm: facial; at cervical third, lingual at **occlusal third**
29
# m/d view cervical line form
mx first pm: curves occlusally, **mesial cervical line form** may have a small "v" apical extention at midpoint, **distal cl form** shows less curvature mx second pm: mesial may be irregular / evenly convex. distal shows less curvature mn first pm: mesial curves occlusally, distal less curvature mn second pm: mesial curves occlusal slightly, distal less curvature | notice distal cervical line form is less curved throughout all premolars
30
cervical crown anatomy
mx first pm: mesial has cervical developmental depression while distal is **flat, no have** mx second pm: both mesial and distal are quite flat, **no developmental depressions** mn first pm: mesial surface is either **flat or concave** distal surface has **concavity** mn second pm: mesial has a **flat or concave depression**
31
# m/d view shape of mesial and proximal contacts
mx first pm: mesial prox contact is located facially and circular, distal prox contact is facial and ovoid w larger FL dimension mx second pm: both m n d prox contacts are facial and ovoid w larger FL dimension mn first pm: both m n d prox contacts are facial and circular mn second pm: m prox contact is facial and circular, distal prox contact is facial and ovoid w larger FL dimension **same as mx first pm** | notice all the contacts are facial
32
what's so special about the root of mx first pm?
it is the only pm with **2 roots** most of the time mx first pm facial root is **longer** than lingual root
33
# m/d view root surface form
mx first pm: **mesial** root surface has a **deeper** developmental depression than distal mx second pm: mesial has developmental root depression most of the time (but not always) and **distal** will have **deeper** root dev depression mn first pm: mesial has developmental depression **45%** of the time, **distal mostly has deeper** root dev depression mn second pm: mesial is **flat or convex most of the time**, **distal** has dev **depression** most of the time
34
where is the root bifurcation located? | which premolar has 2 roots? (61%)
apical third of root
35
# occlusal view mesio facial angle | angle made by the mesiofacio cusp ridge and mesial marginal ridge
mx first pm: 90 deg mx 2nd pm: rounded mn first pm: acute angle
36
# occlusal view disto facial angle | angle made by distal marginal ridge and distal facial cusp ridge
mx first pm: acute angle mx second pm: rounded mn first pm: 90 deg **same as mx first pm mesiofacial angle** | notice mx second pm is always rounded, no info on mn second pm
37
# occlusal view faciopalatal line angles of maxillary first pm
more prominent | rmb u tried to give the central incisor more dimension w this
38
# occlusal view facial developmental groove of maxillary first pm | why only maxillary first pm?
deep, slight M/D concavities in facial outline | only mx first pm usually got mesial and facial developmental depressions
39
which tooth does not exhibit lingual crown convergence?
mx second pm: parallel coz of ovoid occlusal crown form mn second pm: coz of square occlusal crown form
40
# occlusal view number of **cusps**
2 cusps for mx first pm, second pm, and mn first pm **mn second pm is special** can have 3 mostly (2 lingual) / 2 cusps 43% / 4 cusps 3%
41
# occlusal view any significant features of the facial cusp ridges?
mx first pm: distal facial cusp ridge is more facial than mesial facial cusp ridge mn first pm: both M and D cusp ridges are nearly in a straight line
42
# occlusal view facial triangular ridge of mx first pm | the same as cusp ridge
M/D slopes of the facial triangular ridge meet at the crest of ridge at 120 deg
43
presence of lingual triangular ridge in mx first pm
seldom prominent
44
# occlusal view fossae
mx first pm: mesial and distal triangular fossa are present mx second pm: mesial and distal fossa, closer to centre of tooth mn first pm: mesial linear fossa, distal circular fossa is **deeper, larger** than mesial fossa mn second pm: mesial and distal fossa + central fossa on **3 cusp tooth** (largest)
45
# occlusal view transverse ridge definition
where 2 triangular ridges share the same base (facial to lingual / palatal)
46
# occlusal view which tooth has transverse ridge? | premolar
maxillary first premolar and mandibular first premolar
47
# occlusal view **developmental groove anatomy**
mx first pm: mesiofacial, distofacial, **mesial marginal**(most prominent) and central mn first pm: mesiolingual developmental groove angles in a mesiolingual direction from the Mesial fossa, central groove is crescent shaped mn second pm: mesial and distal groove in facial direction, lingual groove
48
# occlusal view occlusal pattern of mn second pm
Y for 3 cusps U/H for 2 cusps
49
# occlusal view supplemental groove
mx first pm: triangular ridges often flanked by shallow supplemental grooves (2/4) mx second pm: several supplemental grooves extending from the pits at the depth of each fossa to give a wrinkled appearance
50
# lingual view lingual crown dimension for mx first pm and mn first pm
mx first pm: lingual surface is smaller than facial surface mn first pm: lingual crown is narrower MD than facial
51
# lingual view lingual cusp position
mx first pm; offset mesially mx second pm: mesial to long axis of the root mn first pm: aligned with facial triangular ridge, lingual cusp offset medially | NA for mn second pm coz 2 lingual cusps
52
lingual cusp form
mx first pm: smooth, spheroidal /round mx second pm: L cusp slightly shorter than F cusp, relatively sharp mn first pm: small and often pointed | NA for mn second pm
53
surface visibility from lingual aspect
mx second pm: proximal surfaces not highly visible mn first pm: almost all is seen
54
marginal ridge location
55
which tooth has a mesiolingual groove?
mandibular first premolar, mesiolingual groove separates mesial marginal ridge from lingual cusp
56
# lingual view cervical line form
mx first pm: curves symmetrically toward root apex mx second pm: less curvature mn first pm: slightly convex in direction of root apex mn second pm: almost straight
57
# which tooth is this applicable to only? lingual root apex form
mx first pm: lingual root apex is **blunter** than facial root apex and **shorter** than facial root, lingual root can bend either mesially or distally
58
# lingual view lingual surface form special feature | only applicable to the mn second premolar
flattened and **grooved** occlusally

Dental Morphology (4 decks)

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