Prenatal Development

Question 1

Describe the process of fertilization.

Answer 1

When a woman’s egg is fertilized by a man’s sperm.

Question 2

A fertilized egg is called?

Answer 2

Zygote

Question 3

Name 3 stages of prenatal development

Answer 3

1.) Germinal Stage
2.) Embryonic stage
3.) Foetal Stage

Question 4

What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 4

An organ that develops during pregnancy to provide nutrients and oxygen and remove waste products from the babies blood

Question 5

What is the function of the Amniotic fluid

Answer 5

A liquid that protects the foetus during pregnancy

Question 6

Harmful external influences that can affect the foetus are known as?

Answer 6

Teratogens

Question 7

Give two examples of external influences that can cause birth defects.

Answer 7

1.) Alcohol - Fetal alcohol syndrome
2.) Heroin - premature birth or early death

Question 8

How can stress affect the developing brain?

Answer 8

-Increased risk of mental health issues
-impairs learning memory
-long-term cognitive and emotional problems.

Question 9

Name the fatty secretion that protects the skin of the fetus.

Answer 9

Vernxic Caseosa

Question 10

By 28 weeks, the formation of red blood cells in the spleen causes and begins in the ?

Answer 10

Bone marrow

Question 11

Describe the first stage of the birth process.

Answer 11

Contractions 15 or so minutes apart.

Contractions last about 40 to 50 seconds.

Contractions lasting 1 minute every 30 seconds.

Cervix fully dilated in 10 centimeters.

Question 12

Name two medical interventions in the birth process.

Answer 12

Epidural, C-section.

Question 13

What measurement is used to assess a newborn’s baby’s health in the first minute?

Answer 13

Apgar Score

Question 14

What are chromosomes?

Answer 14

Thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carry genes.

Question 15

Give an example of a recessive genetically inherited disease condition.

Answer 15

1.) Sickle Cell
2.) Cystic Fibrosis

Question 16

Name the most common chromosomal disorder in Ireland.

Answer 16

Down Syndrome

Question 17

What’s the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 17

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual. A phenotype is the physical makeup of an individual, i.e., brown eyes.

Question 18

Define the term Growth

Answer 18

The process of increasing in size, developing physically, mentally, or emotionally over time.

Question 19

Define the term development.

Answer 19

The process of growth, advancement in physical, intelligence, emotional, or social aspects over time.

Question 20

What is meant by social inequality and how does it relate to low birth weights?

Answer 20

Social inequality is inequality in wealth, education, or opportunities amongst individuals.
It links to low birth rate as they may face challenges assessing healthcare education and resources, leading to reduced fertility rates due to a limited support system.

Question 21

Identify four groups of women at risk of health inequalities in pregnancies.

Answer 21

1.)Travellers
2.) Teenager
3.) Ethnic Minorities
4.) lone parent