Prenatal, newborn, infant, development Flashcards
(34 cards)
what happens in weeks 1 to 2 of life?
fertilization-conception, fertilized egg, zygote
implantation-blastocyst arrives at uterus then implants into uterine lining
abnormalities of implantation
placenta previa- placenta above uterus
ectopic pregnancy- fertilized egg in fallopian tube
what happens in weeks 3 to 8 of life?
ectoderm- the outermost layer gives rise to epidermis, hair, mammary glands, and the central and peripheral nervous systems
endoderm: the middle layer gives rise to the dermis of the skin, heart, muscle system, urogenital system, bones, and bone marrow
mesoderm: the innermost layer gives rise to the digestive system and other internal organs
what is teratogen exposure?
A teratogen is an environmental agent that can adversely affect the unborn child, thus producing a birth defect
Susceptibility to teratogens begins and continues throughout the embryonic period
when does the fetal stage occur?
begins at the start of the 3rd month of pregnancy, end of the first trimester, week 9, developing embryo begins to look clearly human, exposure to teratogens is less damaging, all major organs and body systems formed, lowest age of viability is 23 weeks!
embryonic development for heart
-week 3 1/2 to week 9
embryonic development for lower and upper limbs
-week 4 1/4 to 9 weeks
embryonic development for teeth and palate
-week 6 to full term
-week 6 to week 16
embryonic development for genitals
-week 7 to full term
embryonic and fetal development for major organ systems (week 4)
-brain: forebrian, midbrain, hindbrain
-spinal chord: closure of of neural tube
embryonic and fetal development for major organ system (week 7-8)
-bone: ossification begins
-heart: heart structure subdivides
embryonic and fetal development for major organ system (week 20 and 32)
-SKIN: lanugo and vernix caseusa
-thermal reslation
embryonic and fetal development for major organ system (week 22)
-LUNGS: enhanced lung development and beginning production of surfactant
infants in NICU
-medical issues interfere with attatchment
-approach used in NICU:
*based on response to infant cues
*cluster caregiving procedure
*minimal stimulation where appropriate
*kangaroo care
what does NICU stand for
neonatal intensive care unit
OT role in NICU
-modify environment (light, noise, touch, stress, positioning aides), provide healthy coping for mom, and observe/ monitor for signs (reflex, suck issues, etc)
-trying to get baby in womb for longer
-the environment of a hospital intensive care unit is significantly different from uterus
NICU recreating womb
-light: little light in uterus vs. bright light in NICU
-sound: muffled sound in uterus vs. louder environment
-touch: caregiving (painful)
-gravity: happening outside uterus
-position: flexed in uterus vs. extended outside of uterus
what are primitive reflexes?
automatic, instinctual movement that assists in development, growth, survival
what are “integrated” primitive reflexes?
reflexes that appear in the womb or infancy and designed to become inactive
what are primitive reflexes purpose?
-necessary for newborn survival
-recognizing abnormal reflexes and nervous system dysfunction
-automatic movement (no thought)
-helps with balance, mobility, vision, hearing, speaking, learning, communication
rooting
-stimulate side of baby’s cheek near mouth
-rythmic suckling occurs
suck-swallow breath
-place firm pressure on palm and metacarpal head
-fingers flex
palmar grasp
-place firm pressure under toes
-toes flex, plantar flexion
moro
- holding infant behind head, let infant head drop 20-30 degrees, allow neck to stretch
-arms raise
