Preoperative (Chp 17)

Question 1

are performed for the purpose of making or confirming a medical diagnosis. Frequently require the removal of tissue or cells for analysis. Eg. Breast biopsy, arthroscopy, and diagnostic laparotomy. Sometimes referred to as exploratory surgery.

Answer 1

diagnostic procedure

Question 2

are done for purpose of the successful treatment of a disease or condition. Eg. cholecystectomy, hernia repair, open reduction of a fracture

Answer 2

curative procedures

Question 3

surgery done for purpose of rebuilding tissues or body structures to achieve a more normal function and appearance. Eg. skin grafting and breast reconstruction following mastectomy

Answer 3

reconstructive surgery

Question 4

surgery done for the purpose of alleviating symptoms caused by disease or a condition. Does not effect cure, but frequently improves the patients quality of life. Eg. doubling a tumor, performing a laminectomy to reduce spinal cord compression in a patient with me static cancer, and creating a colostomy in a patient with sever inflammatory bowel disease.

Answer 4

palliative procedures

Question 5

performed for the primary purpose of improving physical appearance. Eg. liposuction, rhinoplasty, and beast augmentation

Answer 5

cosmetic surgery

Question 6

surgeries that are scheduled in advance for a nonacute condition

Answer 6

elective procedure

Question 7

performed for conditions that require prompt attention, within the next 48 hours (appendectomy)

Answer 7

urgent procedure

Question 8

procedure that must be performed immediately to prevent serious consequences. Failure to perform this surgery in a timely manner can result in patients death

Answer 8

emergent surgery

Question 9

ectomy

Answer 9

removal of, surgical excision to remove (colectomy)

Question 10

ostomy

Answer 10

surgical creation of a permanent opening (colostomy)

Question 11

otomy

Answer 11

surgical incision of or cutting into (thoracotomy)

Question 12

plasty

Answer 12

surgical repair or reconstruction of (rhinoplasty)

Question 13

orraphy

Answer 13

surcigal repair or suture of (herniorrhaphy)

Question 14

scopy

Answer 14

use of a scope to view or look into an area (laparoscopy)

Question 15

ASA1

Answer 15

A normal healthy patient

Question 16

ASAII

Answer 16

A patient with mild systemic disease

Question 17

ASAIII

Answer 17

A patient with severe systemic disease that limits disease but is not incapacitating.

Question 18

ASAIV

Answer 18

A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

Question 19

ASA V

Answer 19

A moribund patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours without the operation

Question 20

ASA VI

Answer 20

A patient declared brain dead and whose organs are being removed for transplantation

Question 21

preoperative teaching about the surgery and anesthesia

Answer 21

situational and procedural

Question 22

preoperative teaching about what the patient can expect to see, hear, and feel

Answer 22

sensation and discomfort information

Question 23

preoperative teaching to patients about how to participate in their own care

Answer 23

patient role information

Question 24

preoperative teaching about specific skills to be used postoperatively, such as how to get out of bed with less pain or how to use the incentive spirometer

Answer 24

skills training information

Question 25

preoperative teaching aimed at alleviating fears and anxieties

Answer 25

psychosocial support

Question 26

what are the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting? (8)

Answer 26

``` Gender9women more than men) History (with other surgeries History of motion sickness Nonsmoker Use of certain inhalation anesthetics Opiods Type of surgery (gynecologic, abdominal, ear or eye) Longer surgeries ```

Question 27

medications that potentiate (increase) the action of anesthetic (anesthesia) agents

Answer 27

antibiotics

Question 28

anticholinergic (movement of smooth muscle to stop GI, saliva etc.) effects increase the potential for

Answer 28

confusion

Question 29

how long before surgery should anticoagulants be discontinued

Answer 29

at least 48 hours

Question 30

antidepressants may lower _________ during anesthesia

Answer 30

BP