Preparation for Labor

Question 1

What are the preliminary signs of Labor?

Answer 1

Lightening
Slight loss of weight
Backache
Excess energy
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Ripening of the Cervix

Question 2

Lightening occurs approximately _____ before labor begins

Answer 2

10-14 days

Question 3

Lightening gives the woman relief from the ________ and ________

Answer 3

diaphragmatic pressure
shortness of breath

Question 4

This increase in urine production can lead to weight loss between ______ lbs

Answer 4

1-3 lbs

Question 5

This increase in activity is related to a boost in ______ release, which is initiated by a decrease in progesterone production by the placenta

Answer 5

epinephrine

Question 6

What are the signs of True Labor?

Answer 6

Uterine Contractions
Show
Rupture of membrane

Question 7

true labor contractions begin in the back and sweep forward across the abdomen similar to the tightening of a rubber band.

Answer 7

Uterine Contractions

Question 8

as the cervix softens and ripens, the _____ that filled the cervical canal during the pregnancy is expelled.

Answer 8

mucus plug

Question 9

The exposed cervical capillaries seep blood as a result of pressure exerted by the fetus. This blood, mixed with mucus, takes on a pink tinge and is referred to as ______

Answer 9

show or bloody show

Question 10

A woman should telephone her healthcare provider immediately when her membranes rupture as two risk are associated with ruptured membranes:
1.
2.

Answer 10

1. intrauterine infection
2. prolapse of the umbilical cord

Question 11

works together with prostaglandins to initiate contractions

Answer 11

oxytocin

Question 12

What are the components of labor?
4Ps

Answer 12

Passage
Passenger
Power
Psyche

Question 13

The cranium, the uppermost portion of the skull is composed of eight bones. What are these?

Answer 13

4 SUPERIOR bones
1. frontal
2. 2 parietal
3. occipital

4 bones of the skull
1. sphenoid
2. ethmoid
3. 2 temporal bones

Question 14

are the bones important in childbirth.

Answer 14

four superior bones

Question 15

Biparietal or transverse diameter

Answer 15

9.5 cm

Question 16

Suboccipitobregmatic measurement(smallest AP diameter)

Answer 16

9.5 cm

Question 17

Occipitofrontal diameter

Answer 17

12 cm

Question 18

Occipitomental diameter

Answer 18

13.5 cm

Question 19

spaces compress during childbirth to aid in molding of the fetal head.

Answer 19

fontanelles

Question 20

is overlapping of skull bones along the suture lines which causes a change in the shape of the fetal skull to one long and narrow, a shape that facilitates passage through the rigid pelvis.

Answer 20

molding

Question 21

describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other

Answer 21

fetal attitude

Question 22

when a fetus is in complete flexion:
the spinal column is bowed forward,
the head is flexed forward so much that the chin touches the sternum,
the arms are flexed and folded on the chest, the thighs are flexed onto the abdomen
the calves are pressed against the posterior aspect of the thighs.

Answer 22

Good fetal attitude

Question 23

Fetus is in _______ if the chin is not touching the chest but is in an alert or military position

Answer 23

moderate flexion

Question 24

Fetus in _______ presents the “brow” of the head to the birth canal

Answer 24

partial extension

Question 25

Fetus in _________ , the back is arched and the neck is extended, presenting the occipitomental diameter of the head to the birth canal (face presentation).

Answer 25

complete extension

Question 26

is the relationship between the long (cephalocaudal) axis of the fetal body and the long axis of a woman’s body- in other words, whether the fetus is lying in a horizontal lie (transverse) or vertical (longitudinal) position.

Answer 26

fetal lie

Question 27

What are the three fetal presentation?

Answer 27

Cephalic Breech Shoulder

Question 28

the most frequent type of presentation, occurring as often as 96% of the tie, the fetal head is the body part that comes first contacts the cervix.

Answer 28

Cephalic Presentation

Question 29

What are the four types of cephalic presentation?

Answer 29

a. vertex b. brow (military position) c. face d. mentum (chin)

Question 30

means either the buttocks or the feet are the first body parts that will contact the cervix.

Answer 30

breech presentation

Question 31

What are the three types of breech presentation?

Answer 31

complete breech frank breech footling

Question 32

the fetus has the thighs tightly flexed on the abdomen; both the buttocks and the tightly flexed feet present to the cervix

Answer 32

complete breech

Question 33

attitude is moderate because the hips are flexed, but the knees are extended to rest on the chest. The buttocks alone present to the cervix.

Answer 33

frank breech

Question 34

neither the thighs nor lower legs are flexed. If one foot presents, it is a single-footling breech, if both present, it is a double-footling breech.

Answer 34

footling

Question 35

A fetus lies horizontally in the pelvis so the longest fetal axis is perpendicular to that of the mother.

Answer 35

shoulder presentation

Question 36

The presenting part of the shoulder presentation is usually _____

Answer 36

acromion process iliac crest hand or elbow

Question 37

Is the relationship of the presenting part to a specific quadrant and side of a woman’s pelvis.

Answer 37

fetal position

Question 38

Maternal pelvis is divided into 4 quadrants

Answer 38

1. right anterior 2. left anterior 3. right posterior 4. left posterior

Question 39

refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis that it rests at the level of the ischial spine. , the midpoint of the pelvis.

Answer 39

engagement

Question 40

A presenting part that is not engaged is said to be

Answer 40

floating

Question 41

One that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines may be referred to as

Answer 41

dipping

Question 42

Refers to the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the level of the ischial spines

Answer 42

station

Question 43

0 station

Answer 43

ischial spine

Question 44

above the spine station

Answer 44

-1 to -4 cm

Question 45

below the ischial spine station

Answer 45

+1 to +4 cm

Question 46

At what station the presenting part is at the perineum and can be seen if the vulva is separated (it is crowning)?

Answer 46

+3 or +4

Question 47

Cardinal Movements of labor

Answer 47

Descent Flexion Internal Rotation Extension External Rotation Expulsion

Question 48

is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.

Answer 48

Effacement

Question 49

enlargement or widening of the cervical canal from an opening a few millimeters wide to one large enough to permit passage of a fetus.

Answer 49

Dilatation

Question 50

takes (begins with the initiation of true labor contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated). It is 12 hours to complete.

Answer 50

First stage of Labor

Question 51

What are the three phases of first stage of labor?

Answer 51

latent phase active phase transition phase

Question 52

begins at the onset of regularly perceived uterine contractions and ends when rapid cervical dilatation begins.

Answer 52

latent phase

Question 53

Contractions during latent phase are ______, lasting ______

Answer 53

mild and short lasting 20-40 seconds

Question 54

Cervical effacement occurs and the cervix dilates minimally (1-3 cm).

Answer 54

Latent phase

Question 55

cervical dilatation (4-7cm) occurs more rapidly. Contractions grow stronger, lasting 40 to 60 seconds, and occur approximately every 3-5 minutes. Show (increased vaginal secretions) and perhaps spontaneous rupture of the membranes may occur during this time

Answer 55

active phase

Question 56

is the time span from full dilatation and cervical effacement to birth of the infant.

Answer 56

second stage

Question 57

the fetus begins descent and as the fetal head touches the internal perineum to begin internal rotation, her perineum begins to bulge and appear tense.

Answer 57

second stage

Question 58

opens and the fetal scalp appears at the opening to the vagina and enlarges from the size of a dime to a quarter, then a half-dollar.

Answer 58

crowning

Question 59

the placental stage begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of the placenta.

Answer 59

Third stage

Question 60

two separate phases are involved in the third stage

Answer 60

placental separation placental expulsion

Question 61

What are the signs of placental separation?

Answer 61

Lengthening of the cord Sudden gush of vaginal blood occurs Placenta is visible at the vaginal opening uterus contracts and feels firm

Question 62

if the placenta separates first at its center and lastly at its edges, it tends to folds on itself like an umbrella and presents at the vaginal opening with the fetal surface evident.

Answer 62

Schultze presentation

Question 63

if the placenta separates first at its edges, it slides along the uterine surface and presents at the vagina with the maternal surface evident.

Answer 63

Duncan Presentation