PrepU STI

Question 1

What is condylomata?

Answer 1

Genital warts, most commonly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 2

Which STI present a palmar rash, sore throat and nausea?

Answer 2

2nd stage syphilis

Question 3

Symptoms of a female with white copious vaginal discharge, itch, swelling, dyspareunia, and dysuria indicates overgrowth of what organism?

Answer 3

candida albicans: discharge is usually thick, white, and odorless

Question 4

symptoms of primary genital herpes infection:

Answer 4

tingling
itching
pain in genital area
followed by eruption of small pustules and vesicles

Question 5

Which STI is associated with urethritis and lesions of the penis and scrotum?

Answer 5

HSV

Question 6

What other body part can be infected by HSV?

Answer 6

mouth, rectum, and perianal

Question 7

What is the full name for Pap test?

Answer 7

papanicolaou test

Question 8

What is the only test for HPV

Answer 8

high-risk HPV DNA

Question 9

Which STI may cause infertility, in men and women, and may lead to an ectopic pregnancy, and damage to the reproductive system in women if left untreated?

Answer 9

chlamydia

Question 10

Why is is standard for a newly pregnant client at their first prenatal visit be tested for syphilis?

Answer 10

It can cause complications in pregnancy if left untreated- and increases the risk of HIV

Question 11

What adverse pregnancy outcomes can occur of a pregnant female has untreated syphilis?

Answer 11

-still born
-neonatal death
-infant disorders (deafness and neurologic impairment

Question 12

—– —— is a delayed response of the untreated disease (syphilis)

Answer 12

Tertiary syphilis

Question 13

What physiological systems and organs does the symptomatic tertiary stage of syphilis affect?

Answer 13

-cardiovascular system
-CNS
-liver
-bones
-testes

Question 14

Which STI in women causes unusual genital/urinary discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia, pelvic pain or tenderness, unusual vaginal bleeding (including after intercourse), and fever?

Answer 14

Gonorrhea

Question 15

Which STI in women causes urinary frequency, cervicitis, dysuria, and vaginal discharge?

Answer 15

Chlamydia

Question 16

Where might genital warts be seen?

Answer 16

penis
vulva
scrotum
perineum
perianal skin

Question 17

How might external warts appear?

Answer 17

small bumps or flat, rough surfaced, or pedunculated

Question 18

A pregnant client with a history of HSV ask me what she can do to prevent her baby from getting the virus? What can I advise her to do?

Answer 18

Take prescribed acyclovir from 36 weeks until delivery= suppresses outbreaks and viral shedding, reducing risk of perinatal transmission of the virus during L&D.

Question 19

What are good educational methods for nurses to provide to the community to prevent STI spread?

Answer 19

-barrier contraceptives
-limiting amount of sexual partners
-being treated if infected

Question 20

Within how many days should anyone who has had sex with someone positive for gonorrhea to be tested and treated?

Answer 20

Within 60 days

Question 21

how can a pregnant mother pass on HIV to her newborn?

Answer 21

before or during birth
through breastfeeding

Question 22

What is the percentage of perinatal transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her newborn?

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

If a mother who has HIV is receiving antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, what is the chance (%) that she will pass on the disease to her baby?

Answer 23

1%: breastmilk should still be avoided, with formula feeding being used instead

Question 24

What symptom is the hallmark of primary syphilis?

Answer 24

-a painless chancre wherever the organism has entered the body (genitalia, anus or lips); may appear about 3 weeks after unprotected sex

Question 25

Teaching points for condom use and storage:

Answer 25

-store in cool dry place away from direct sunlight. -do not store in wallet -put on before having any genital contact -put on when condom is erect -ensure adequate lubrication during intercourse -use only water-based lubricants (oil-based or petroleum-based can weaken latex condoms) -withdraw while penis is still erect and hold condom firmly against base of penis -remove carefully to ensure no semen spills out

Question 26

How many doses is required of the HPV vaccination?

Answer 26

2 doses given 6-12 months apart for individuals 9-15 prior to individual becoming sexually active.

Question 27

Which STI may present no symptoms in females?

Answer 27

gonorrhea

Question 28

What biological areas may an untreated gonorrhea infection affect in women, and what condition can it lead to?

Answer 28

genitals and reproductive organs, causing complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 29

What other STI may lead to PID?

Answer 29

chlamydia

Question 30

What is the mechanism of replication of the HIV retrovirus?

Answer 30

-entry into a host cell -viral RNA genome is translated into DNA by a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase. -viral DNA copy is integrated into the host chromosome where it exists in a latent states (similar to herpes virus) -reactivation and replication requires a reversal of the entire process

Question 31

What does lysis of an HIV infected host cell lead to?

Answer 31

-permanent suppression of the immune response

Question 32

What circumstances predispose a ct. with genital herpes to an outbreak?

Answer 32

-stress -anxiety -emotional upset

Question 33

What should be advised to a ct. newly diagnosed with genital herpes?

Answer 33

-abstain from sex when having an active outbreak -limit stress and emotional upset as much as possible -use a condom in between outbreaks -avoid creams and lubricants during an outbreak (may slow healing)

Question 34

How often should a person with HSV get a Papanicolaou test done and why?

Answer 34

every year due to a link between genital herpes and cervical cancer

Question 35

A yeast infection is commonly referred to as?

Answer 35

candidiasis vulvovaginitis

Question 36

Discharge appearance when a female has candidiasis vulvovaginitis?

Answer 36

cottage cheese-like; adhere to walls of vagina.

Question 37

Which test is done to determine presence of candidiasis vulvovaginitis?

Answer 37

hydroxide microscopy testing

Question 38

What will the potassium hydroxide microscopy test reveal if candidiasis vulvovaginits is present?

Answer 38

pseudohyphae and sores

Question 39

What is the most common treatment for candidiasis vulvovaginitis?

Answer 39

fluconazole (oral or vaginal) or miconazole

Question 40

Why should reoccurrence of candidiasis vulvovaginitis be monitored for the course of over 1 year?

Answer 40

If ct. experiences condition more than 4 times in 1 year, it would be considered complicated and would require further follow-up such as testing for immunosuppression or diabetes.

Question 41

What causes bacterial overgrowth leading to the condition of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 41

high (alkaline) pH levels

Question 42

Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis:

Answer 42

-fishy vaginal odor -thin white or gray vaginal discharge causing vulvar irritation (no pruritus)

Question 43

Trichomoniasis is a protozoan infection that has many similar symptoms as bacterial vaginosis. Which symptoms are dif. for trichomoniasis?

Answer 43

-abdominal pain -dysuria -urinary frequency -between-cycle bleeding -discharge may be greenish gray, watery, and frothy or purulent

Question 44

Which medication is usually prescribed for bacterial vaginitis?

Answer 44

clindamycin

Question 45

----- are circumscribed elevated, palpable masses containing serous fluid

Answer 45

vesicles

Question 46

how big are vesicles?

Answer 46

less than 0.5 cm

Question 47

examples of vesicles in 4 conditions

Answer 47

herpes simplex/zoster varicella (chickenpox) poison ivy second-degree burn

Question 48

----- is a pyogenic (i.e., pus-forming), Gram-negative diplococcus that evokes inflammatory reactions characterized by purulent exudates.

Answer 48

gonococcus

Question 49

characteristics of condylomata acuminata warts caused by HPV and can affect which areas

Answer 49

cauliflower-shaped lesions that affect the mucous membranes of the vagina, urethra, anus, or mouth

Question 50

Which medication is expected to be prescribed for syphilis in a ct. with no known drug allergies

Answer 50

benzathine penicillin G (injection) = long-acting penicillin = preferred treatment

Question 51

If a client is allergic to penicillin, what other medications may be prescribed for syphilis?

Answer 51

doxycycline, tetracycline, or ceftriaxone

Question 52

Medication to treat trichomoniasis

Answer 52

metronidazole

Question 53

This type of lesion configuration forma a straight line, such as in a scratch or streak due to dermatographism

Answer 53

linear configuration

Question 54

This type of configuration of lesions is circular in nature

Answer 54

annular EX: tinea corporis

Question 55

This type of configuration of lesions are individual and distinct. -give example

Answer 55

discrete; multiple nevi

Question 56

Important pt. education for medication use of metronidazole for treatment of trichomoniasis

Answer 56

avoid alcohol for 24 hours after taking the medication: may feel n/v; hot & flushed.

Question 57

What side effect is common when taking metronidazole and does not need to be reported to the PCP?

Answer 57

metalic test

Question 58

How long should sexual activity be abstained when being treated for trichomoniasis with metronidazole?

Answer 58

7-10 days after completing the course of medication

Question 59

Secondary syphilis symptoms:

Answer 59

macules on palms and soles after fever patchy hair loss red-brown lesion on genital area

Question 60

What are the 3 STIs that are required by the CDC to be reported?

Answer 60

-chlamydia -syphilis -gonorrhea

Question 61

What is the cause of essentially all cases of cervical cancers (4th most common cancer among women)?

Answer 61

HPV

Question 62

A ct. is dx with granuloma inginale. Which question should I ask the client?

Answer 62

"have you traveled outside of the country recently?" -caused by a Gram-negative bacillus Klebsiella granulomatous (tiny encapsulated intracellular parasite), which is almost nonexistent in the United States. -found in India, Brazil, the West Indies, and parts of China, Australia and Africa

Question 63

What risk factors can increase the chances of candida albicans overgrowth?

Answer 63

-high hormone levels during pregnancy -use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) [both increase vaginal glycogen stores] -recent antibiotic therapy -poorly controlled diabetes -HIV [all compromise immune system]

Question 64

Which STI exists in two morphologically distinct forms? elementary and reticulate bodies?

Answer 64

Chlamydia: -small infectious elementary body -large noninfectious reticulate body

Question 65

Shape of trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 65

large anaerobic, pear-shaped, flagellated protozoan

Question 66

------- is a disease of the external genitalia and lymph nodes caused by the gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 66

chancroid

Question 67

What other organisms may be present in a vaginal candidiasis infections (besides candida albicans)?

Answer 67

Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis

Question 68

A young woman present with vaginal itching and irritation of recent onset. Her labia are swollen, and she has frothy yellowish discharge with an unpleasant smell and pH of 6.8. She has been celibate during the last 6 months and has been taking antibiotics for a throat infection. What condition does she likely have, and what medication will likely clear up her symptoms?

Answer 68

-Trichomonas vaginalis -metronidazole (can exist asymptomatically and flare up if imbalance of normal vaginal flora from, for example, antibiotic treatment, which allows the protozoan to proliferate