presentation of kidney disease

Question 1

what should be asked in systemic inquiry for kidney disease?

Answer 1

• appetite and weight loss
• nausea and vomiting
• dyspepsia
• dyspnoea
• urinary symptoms
• joint pain and arthralgia
• skin rashes

Question 2

what does isomorphic blood in urine indicate?

Answer 2

round RBC, lower down the renal tract

Question 3

what does dysmorphic blood in urine indicate?

Answer 3

• mushed RBC

- problem higher up the renal tract (usually at glomerulus)

Question 4

how does hyperkalemia present on an ECG?

Answer 4

peaked T waves

Question 5

what is acute kidney injury defined as?

Answer 5

• decline in GFR over hours/ days/ weeks
• with or without oliguria (<400ml urine output/day)
• in a patient with normal or impaired baseline renal function

Question 6

how does nephrotic syndrome present?

Answer 6

• proteinuria >3g a day
• hypoalbuminaemia
• oedema
• hypercholesterolaemia is often associated
• often normal renal function