Presentations week 3

Question 1

What is Cervical radiculopathy?

Answer 1

It is a condition that occurs when the nerve roots in the neck that provide sensation and motor control to the arms and shoulders are compressed.

Question 2

What are the risk factors ( age, sex, activity)? CR

Answer 2

Age Group- 40-50 years
Sex- More common in men
Herniated Disc- common in younger patients
Spondylosis- common in older patients

Question 3

What are signs and symptoms of CR?

Answer 3

Neck and radiating arm pain, numbness, sensory deficits, motor dysfunction in the neck and UE’s

Question 4

What body parts are effected (anatomy)? CR

Answer 4

Neck
Elbow
Shoulder
Finger

Question 5

How are these body parts affected? CR

Answer 5

ROM
Muscle weakness
Lowered reflexes
Motor loss

Question 6

What are some exercises or treatments that can be done for CR?

Answer 6

Chin Tucks
ROM exercises
Isometric exercises
Contrelateral rotation

Question 7

What is the general idea of treatment for CR?

Answer 7

Maintaining good posture
Increasing ROM
Avoiding heavy lifting
Home modifications
Improving upper body strength
Help to identify barriers

Question 8

What is Facet Joint Syndrome?

Answer 8

Is a disease where facet joints/zygapophyseal joints become in pain -both local and radiating

Question 9

Where is the most common FJS?

Answer 9

Lumbar
Cervical

Question 10

What are Risk factores for FJS
What can lead to This?

Answer 10

Age: 80% of 65 year olds experience low back pain in the states
More common in the elderly
Obesity
History of heavy lifting (certain jobs)
Trauma and Injury
Poor posture

Question 11

What are signs and symptoms of FJS (cervical/ lumbar)?

Answer 11

Axial neck pain
Pain or limitation of extension and rotation
Tenderness with palpation
Radiating pain locally or into the shoulders or upper back
Chronic low back pain
Sometimes pain in hyperextension
(lumbar)

Question 12

What body parts affected (anatomy) FJS

Answer 12

Facet Joints - sup and inf articular process
Vertebrae - primarily cervical and lumbar

Question 13

How are these body parts affected? FJS

Answer 13

Decreased flexion of the spine
Decreased extension of the spine
Decreased rotation of the spine
Pain primarily with extension and rotation

Question 14

What are some movements that can impact Activities (ADLs) FJS

Answer 14

Bending and twisting
Lower back pain and stiffness- can affect tasks like standing up
avoid extension and rotation
standing for too long or inactivity can worsen condition

Question 15

What exercise can be done to help improve FJS?

Answer 15

Childs pose
Cat Cow
Pelvic tilts
Knee to chest

Question 16

What is the overall treatment (OTA/PTA)? FJS

Answer 16

Patient Education/information
Pain relief
Exercises
Resting
Preventing Lumbar Lordosis

Question 17

What is Cervical Stenosis?

Answer 17

When the cervical spine becomes more narrow, resulting in compression of the spinal cord

Question 18

What are the causes/risk factors for CS?

Answer 18

Osteoporosis can be a contributing factor
Genetic influence
Trauma: cumulative or instant
Cigarette smoking
Age: Results of spondylosis (degeneration of the cervical spine)

Question 19

What is the population affected from CS?

Answer 19

older population, 50+ to 70+, is more common in (70+)
More likely in women

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of CS?

Answer 20

Muscle weakness
Pain in the neck or arms
Arm and leg dysfunction
Weakness, stiffness or clumsiness in the hand’s
Leg weakness
Difficulty walking
Frequent falling
Urinary Incontinence
Diminished proprioception

Question 21

What body parts are affected (anatomy)? CS

Answer 21

Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves
Veretbrae - C5-6 and C6-7 are most affected
IV discs
Liganebtun flavum

Question 22

How are these body parts affected? CS
(Physiological)

Answer 22

Spinal Narrowing
Pain
Paretheisa: numbness and tingiling when a nerve is inflamed /damaged
Weakness of UE

Question 23

What exercises can be done to help improve CS?

Answer 23

Stretch
-Neck flexors
-Pectoral stretch
Strengthen
-Neck and back extensors
-Scapular retraction
Postural exercises
(make sure no extension is happening.)

Question 24

What Is the general treatment for CS? (OTA/PTA)

Answer 24

Stretching exercises
Heat/Manual Therapy
Training for ADLS
Education/information
Aids/Homemodifcations
TENS

Question 25

What is Thoracic Hyperkyphosis?

Answer 25

antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine of greater than 40 degrees

Question 26

What are the risks and causes of THK? (3 Categories)

Answer 26

3 Categories Genetics- scheuermann’s disease: Defect of the vertebral body growth plate at the cortical level, resulting in weakened vertebral body and causing wedging Congenital kyphosis- bone defect - Poor posture and weakened muscles and ligaments of spine

Question 27

What Are other risks of THK?

Answer 27

Osteoportic fractures Dehyrdation of the IV disc Reduction in back muscles Improper body mechanics Body density conditions

Question 28

What is the population affected by THK?

Answer 28

More common in females Processes with increased age greatest risk is for females aged 50–59.

Question 29

What are the signs and symptoms of THK?

Answer 29

Loss of ROM Increased stiffness Pain and dysfunction of spine, shoulders/back and neck pain Respiratory problems

Question 30

What body parts are affected? (anatomy) THK

Answer 30

IV discs Muscle weakness of spinal extensor muscles Compression fractures

Question 31

How are these body parts affected? THK (Physiological)

Answer 31

Loss of ROM Pain and dysfunction of spine and shoulders /Back and neck pain Respiratory problems Compression fractures

Question 32

Exercises that can be done for THK?

Answer 32

Stretching the pectoalis muscles Prone hip extension Supine posture knee extension with hip at 90 degree flexion lengthening hamstrings Prone trunk raise Prone tunk lift Chin tucks Extension Little changes to sleeping positions

Question 33

What is the general idea of treatment for THK? (OTA/PTA)

Answer 33

Thoractic manual therapy Strengthen back extensors Improve spinal extension mobility Prevent veretrbal compression fractures Education Home modifications

Question 34

What is Thoracic Scoliosis?

Answer 34

1. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. 2. Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine 3. Scoliosis is often defined as spinal curvature in the “coronal” (frontal) plane defined by the Cobb's angle of spine curvature in the coronal plane and is often accompanied by vertebral rotation in the transverse plane and hyperkyphosis in the sagittal plane

Question 35

What are the risks/causes of TS?

Answer 35

Three causes- Idiopathic -Unknown -Most common Congenital -Present at birth -Malformation of vertebrae Neurological -Cerebral palsy -Muscular dystrophy

Question 36

What population is affected by TS?

Answer 36

Most common in teens/childhood or early adolescence - onset of puberty Most common in females

Question 37

What are the signs and symptoms of TS?

Answer 37

Sideways curvature of the spine Sideways body posture One shoulder raised higher than the other Local muscular aches Local ligament pain Decreasing pulmonary function, major concern in progressive severe scoliosis.

Question 38

What are the body parts affected by TS?

Answer 38

Vertebral column IV discs Ribs Shoulder joints Scapular Trunk muscles lungs

Question 39

Physiological functions that are affected by TS?

Answer 39

Respiratory function Trunk mobility ROM Shoulder mobility Imbalance muscles Poor posture

Question 40

Exercises or Treatments for TS?

Answer 40

Braces Surgical treatment KLAPP Schroth exercises de-rotate, elongate and stabilize the spine in a three-dimensional plane

Question 41

What is the general treatment for TS? OTA/PTA

Answer 41

MMT Electrical stimulation Physical exercises Education Aids-brace Education Energy conservation Improve postural control