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US Government > President > Flashcards

President Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key parts of EXOP?

A

The White House Offices
The National Security Council
Office of budget and Managment

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2
Q

What are the powers given to the presidents office?

A

Commander in chief- allows them to mobilise troops, and 60 days before notifying congress.
Head of State- the figurehead
Negotiate international treaties- Signing the US up to COP26
Pardon- the ability to commute a sentence to nothing
Propose legislation- This is done through the state of union address.
Nominate Justices- Supreme Court oversight.
Submit the annual budget- Congress sign off.
Veto legislation

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3
Q

Where are the powers of the president in the constitution?

A

Article 2.

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4
Q

What is the term given to presidents that only serve one term?

A

Lame-duck

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5
Q

Who has announced they are running for president in 2024?

A

Joe Biden, Donald Trump and Ron Desantis.

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6
Q

What powers do the PM and President share?

A

Can select their own cabinets.
Propose legislation.

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7
Q

What are the informal powers of the president?

A

Deals- Involving funding to secure votes.
Amending legislation- Negotiating what is included in a bill.
Fear mongering- Threats towards congressional members.
Lobbying- Using campaign finance to convince congress.
Social media- can launch campaigns with large public backing.
Electoral mandate- strong legitimacy.

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8
Q

What is the main power of a President?

A

Persuasion

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9
Q

What is an executive order?

A

Directives issued by the president, meaning that they can bypass congress. They are seen as powers that lie outside the constitution, and have the same power of law as legislation.

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10
Q

How many executive orders did Biden pass in 2021?

A

77

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11
Q

What are the limitations of executive orders?

A

They can be easily reversed by future presidents.

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12
Q

What is the function of the cabinet?

A

Advisory group, selected by the president.
Debating on topics, to aid a better perspective for a president.
Offers insight into party voting.

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13
Q

What makes the cabinet important?

A

The individuals within usually have important positions- Hilary Clinton was Secretary of State for Obama.
Cabinet meetings are rarely held, meaning that when they are they are important.

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14
Q

Has the Senate ever rejected a cabinet nomination?

A

1989- John Tower into George H W. Bush Sr. cabinet as secretary of defence.

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15
Q

What is a balanced cabinet?

A

Gender, Race, Religion, age, experience and political leanings are all considered and evenly split within a cabinet.
Usually represents America as a whole.

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16
Q

What were the key differences between Trump and Biden’s cabinets?

A

10 of 12 prominent positions were taken by old white males.
Biden has an almost 50/50 split between women.
Biden also has a near 50% ethnic minority within his cabinet.

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17
Q

Which president changed the size of the Cabinet?

A

Franklin Roosevelt.

18
Q

What is an imperial president?

A

A president characterised by the misuse of presidential powers, and using excessive secrecy. This is usually seen in Foreign policy.
It became the term for the growth of presidential power.

19
Q

What is an Imperilled presidency?

A

A presidency characterised by ineffectiveness and weakness.

20
Q

What is the idea of a balanced ticket?

A

When running for president, the VP appeals to a different group of voters and in congress.

21
Q

What are the “rules” for hopeful Presidents?

A

Political talent- usually had a successful experience in govt.
Governors- Conventions usually pick their candidates from state governors.
Swingstates- Candidates have a better chance if they come from a large state.
Multiple interest- People want someone with multiple interests away from politics.
Happy Family- Appear to lead an ideal family life.
Character- Candidates display value towards their policies.
British Stock- Candidates with British ancestors have been preferred.
Protestantism- Most presidents have been protestant. Only 2 have been catholic.
Male- Hilary Clinton is the only female to gain a party nomination.

22
Q

What is the War Powers Act?

A

Meant that a President can’t commit troops without congress declaring war. However, it ended up meaning that a president has 60 days before informing congress. This therefore backfired as they then have 30 days to remove troops if congress doesn’t agree.

23
Q

What is the Case Act 1972?

A

Forced presidents to inform congress of all executive agreements made with foreign states.

24
Q

What was congress’ reaction to imperial presidents?

A

War Powers Act 1973
Case Act 1972

25
Q

What powers are granted to the president for foreign policy?

A

Commander in Chief
Negotiate treaties.

26
Q

What is an example of foreign policy importance?

A

1/5 of the cabinet positions involve foreign policy.

27
Q

How has presidential power increased?

A

FDR- Served Three terms (highly powerfu)
Kennedy- Cuban Missile crisis
Nixon- Watergate (decreased)
Ford- imperilled president only served single term.
Bush- 9/11 and No child left behind (highly powerful)
Obama- maintained power apart from 2008 crash.

28
Q

What checks do presidents have from congress?

A

Amend or block legislation proposed by the president.
Amend the annual budget.
Override the presidents veto.
Congress declares war and the power of the purse.

29
Q

What checks do presidents have from the public?

A

Mid-terms can change the control of congress if it is felt a president isn’t doing very well in office.
The press has influence over public opinion, meaning presidents require their support.

30
Q

What is the 100 day rule?

A

Usually demonstrates the significance of a president. It is considered as a benchmark for the public.

31
Q

What checks do presidents have from Federal Bureaucracy?

A

The executive is made up of 60 federal agencies, this means it can be difficult to get them to do anything.
They are the people that implement congressional law into the states, meaning that laws are checked by an external agency

32
Q

What is EXOP?

A

The term for all the agencies that help the president to carry out their responsibilities of office.

33
Q

Why did EXOP occur?

A

Increased size of the federal government.
“New Deal”- FDR responded to the great depression to promote growth.
The role of commander in chief saw a growth in presidential power.

34
Q

How many offices make up EXOP?

A

12

35
Q

What is the White House Office?

A

The personal office of the president. This contains the staff that facilitate the president’s communications with other branches of govt.

36
Q

What makes the White House Office important?

A

It contains advisors who play a large role in aiding the president.
It is not a policy maker, meaning that it facilitates the presidents day to day role.

37
Q

What is the white house chief of staff?

A

Acts as the strongest line of communication into the President. They organise all presidential schedules, and aim to present a good from to the media.
They usually have lots of experience, so can act as a strong advisor.

38
Q

Who is the current chief of staff?

A

Jeff Zients.

39
Q

What is the office of management and budget?

A

They advise the president on the allocation of federal funds.
Oversee all spending in federal departments.
Act as a clearing house for all legislation coming from the executive.

40
Q

What is the National Security council?

A

Established to help coordinate foreign, security and defence policies.
They organise all information into the white house from organisations such as the CIA.
Acts as an advisor, is important as the President’s main focus is foreign policy.
They produce briefing notes for the president.

41
Q

Who created the Office of management and budget?

A

President Nixon

US Government (4 decks)

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