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ICE > Pressure Measurement > Flashcards

Pressure Measurement Flashcards

1
Q

defined as a ratio between a force and a unit area, perpendicular to the direction of that force, on which the force acts

one of the key of thermodynamic parameters

an intensive property

A

PRESSURE (that is what you are ✨)

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2
Q

an occurence that is causing an object to move, either accelerating or decelerating

A

FORCE

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3
Q

In a process environment, pressure is a key component to keeping a ______

A

system functional

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4
Q

All fluid molecules will be in constant and random motion called _____________, due to which fluid at rest in a vessel, does exerts force on all the walls of the vessel, with which it is in contact

A

BROWNIAN MOTION

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5
Q

2 ELEMENTS OF TOTAL PRESSURE OF A FLUID

A
  1. Static Pressure

2. Dynamic Pressure

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6
Q

defined as a pressure not associated with the fluid motion, but its state

it is the pressure which would be indicated by a gauge moving together with the fluid

A

STATIC PRESSURE

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7
Q

a measurement of kinetic energy of a moving fluid and depends on its velocity and density

A

DYNAMIC PRESSURE

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8
Q

the Italian Physicist who invented the barometer, with which he could evaluate the atmospheric pressure

A

Evangelista Torricelli

when: 1643

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9
Q

Torricelli’s research about mercury columns pave way to the discovery of ____________

A

VACUUM

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10
Q

This French Physicist used the barometer to show that the air pressure was smaller at the top of the mountains.

He also determined the weight of air and called it “pressure”

A

Blaise Pascal

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11
Q

was granted the Bourdon Tube patent, used until today in relative pressure measurements

A

Eugéne Bourdon

When: 1849

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12
Q

MOST COMMON TYPES OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS

A
  • Absolute Pressure
  • Differential Pressure
  • Gauge Pressure
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13
Q

it is measured with relation to perfect vacuum, namely the pressure difference at a given measurement point by the vacuum pressure (absolute zero)

A

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

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14
Q

the pressure difference measured between two points

A

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

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15
Q

When any point other than vacuum or atmosphere is used as reference, it means ___________

A

Differential Pressure

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16
Q

measured in relation to the ambient pressure namely, in relation to the atmosphere

A

GAUGE PRESSURE

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17
Q

a very simple device used to measure pressure

an instrument of differential pressure measurement, indicating the difference between two pressures by a shift in liquid column height

A

MANOMETERS

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18
Q

He invented the manometer

A

Christian Huygens

when: 1661

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19
Q

the ancient Greek words manometer is derived from

A

“manós” meaning thin or rare

“métron”

20
Q

states that the pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is equal, and its value is just the weight of the overlying fluid

A

Hydrostatic Equilibrium

21
Q

advantages ng manometer

A
  • inexpensive
  • no need for calibration
  • no electrical output
22
Q

MANOMETER TYPES

A
  1. U-Tube Manometers
  2. Well Manometers
  3. Raised-Well Manometers
  4. Inclined Manometers
23
Q

consists of a a glass tube bent like the letter “U”

in this type of manometer, balancing a column of liquid is done by another column of same or other liquid

A

U-Tube Manometers

24
Q

the wall area is larger than the area of the tube. the rise in liquid level in the tube is considered while that in the well is ignored

A

Well Manometers / Cistern Manometers

25
Q

the vertical column limb of this manometer is inclined at an angle

used for accurate measurement of small pressure

similar to a well type manometer in construction

A

Raised Well Manometer / Inclined Manometer

26
Q

a type of manometer commonly used to check the blood pressure in humans

A

SPHYGMOMANOMETER

27
Q

the mercury reading on the pressure gauge when the pulse is first heard

A

Systolic Pressure Reading

28
Q

mercury reading on the pressure gage when the pulse can first no longer be heard

A

Diastolic Pressure Reading

29
Q

include the bellows, the diaphragms, and the bourdon tube. Each of these devices converts a fluid pressure into a force

A

Mechanical Pressure-Sensing Elements / Aneroid Gauges

30
Q

resemble an accordion constructed from metal instead of fabric

they are thin-walled metallic cylinders, with deep convolutions, of which one end is sealed and the other end remains open. The closed end can move freely while the open end is fixed

A

BELLOWS

31
Q

nothing more than a thin disk of material which bows outward under the influence of a fluid pressure

A

DIAPHRAGMS

32
Q

Diaphragms with negligible spring effect

used in conjunction with external mechanisms that produce the necessary restraining force to prevent damage from applied pressure

A

Slack Diaphragms

33
Q

made of spring-like metal alloys bent into a circular shape

A

Bourdon Tube

34
Q

a French watchmaker who invented the Bourdon tube in 1849

A

Eugéne Bourdon

35
Q

devices designed to measure fluid pressure and transmit that information via electrical signals such as the 4-20 mA analog standard or in digital form such as HART or FOUNDATION Fieldbus

A

Electronic Pressure Transmitters

36
Q

means “pressure-sensitive resistance” or a resistance that changes value with applied pressure

A

Piezoresistive

37
Q

a sensor whose resistance varies with applied applied force; it converts force pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be measured

A

STRAIN GAUGE

38
Q

an elastically deformable transducer that transforms an applied force or a mechanical displacement into a change in resistance

A

STRAIN GAUGE

39
Q

defined as the object‘s internal resisting forces

A

STRESS

40
Q

defined as the displacement and deformation that occurs

A

STRAIN

41
Q

APPLICATIONS OF THE STRAIN GAUGES

A
  1. ) Measurement of Strain

2. ) Measurement of other quantities

42
Q

here a change in capacitance is used to infer pressure measurement.

also uses a change in electrical characteristics to infer pressure

A

Differential Capacitance Sensors

43
Q

a device that stores electrical charge

it consists of two metal plates separated by an electrical insulator

A

CAPACITOR

44
Q

a classic example of a pressure instrument based on the differential capacitance sensor

A

Rosemount Model 1151

45
Q

allows the diaphragm to easily flex with applied pressure, transmitting process fluid pressure through the silicone fill fluid to the taut sensing diaphragm inside the differential capacitance cell

A

Concentric Corrugations

46
Q

senses the difference in pressure between two ports and outputs a signal representing that pressure in relation to a calibrated range

one of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry

A

Differential Pressure Transmitter

ICE (3 decks)

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