Prevalence and Symptoms of Depression

Question 1

Definition of depression

Answer 1

General depressed mood for more than 2 weeks

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

Affective
Cognitive
Behavioral
Somatic

Question 3

Affective symptoms

Answer 3

Feelings of sadness, despair, or emptiness

Question 4

Cognitive symptoms

Answer 4

Thinking/reasoning is hindered

Question 5

Behavioral symptoms

Answer 5

No social efforts. Withdrawal from family and friends

Question 6

Physical symptoms

Answer 6

Headaches, no physical energ

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

Statistical measure of percentage of people in a group that’s affected by disorder

Question 8

Etiology

Answer 8

Study of the causes of depression

Question 9

Why are prevalence rates problematic

Answer 9

Diagnosis is not reliable across cultures

Not universal and change overtime

Question 10

Occurrence of depression

Answer 10

Appears differently depending on the individual

Question 11

Hasler

Answer 11

suggests that depression is a complex disorder that involves the interaction of a number of factors.

Question 12

Thompson

Answer 12

depression and anxiety account for about 1/3 of all psychiatric hospital admissions in the UK.

Depression is 2-3x more common in women than in men

it occurs frequently among members of lower socio-economic groups

most frequently among young adults.

Question 13

Kleinmann aim

Answer 13

To investigate if neurasthenia in China would be similar to depression in DSM-III.

Question 14

Kleinmann procedure

Answer 14

interviewed 100 patients diagnosed with neurasthenia using structured interviews based on DSM-III diagnostic criteria.

Question 15

Kleinmann results

Answer 15

87% of the patients could be classified as suffering from depression

90% complained of headaches

78% of insomnia (sleep problems)

73% of dizziness

Depressed mood was only given as the main complaint in 9% of the cases.

Question 16

Kleinmmann eval

Answer 16

It would be difficult to compare these data to Western data

Patients do not make the same complaints during diagnosis.

This shows one of the concerns in cross-cultural diagnosis

Question 17

Implications

Answer 17

Western clinicians should pay attention to somatization when they work with Chinese patients

Question 18

Studies for prevalence (women are over diagnosed)

Answer 18

Amenson and Lewisohn

Swami

Question 19

Assuming disorders are universal and can be diagnosed using standard info from other cultures

Answer 19

Etic approach

Question 20

When researchers adopt their tests for diagnosis to meet cultural needs of community

Answer 20

Emic approach