prevalence rates

Question 1

brown and harris aim

Answer 1

To investigate how depression could be liked to social factos and stressful life events in a sample of women.

Question 2

participants brown and harris

Answer 2

• 458 women in south london
• naturalistic correlation study

Question 3

procedure brown and harris

Answer 3

• interviewed about daily lives and depressive epidoes
• life events rated in serverity
• semi structeured interviews

Question 4

results brown and harris

Answer 4

• 8% that have become depressed in the previous year. Of which 90% had experienced an adverse life event or serious difficulty. 33 ish
• Only 30% who did not become depressed suffered from serious difficulty
• Only 10% of the 8 % had not suffered from these things. 4 ish

Social class, based off husbands occupation, played a big role
Working class women were 4 x more likely to become depressed

Question 5

conclusion brown and harris

Answer 5

Social factors like stress and serious life events could be linked to depression. Low social status and increased exposure to vulnerability and provoking agents

Question 6

strengths brown and harris

Answer 6

• semi structure
• large sample

Question 7

weaknesses brown and harris

Answer 7

• only females
• self reported
• no cause and effect
• no official diagnosis

Question 8

amenson and lewinson aim

Answer 8

Why is there a higher prevalence of MDD in women than men

Question 9

amenson and lewnson participants

Answer 9

998 participants who were recruited through announcements mailed to 20,000 residents of Oregon, (america) randomly selected names

quasi experiment

Question 10

amenson and lewis procedure

Answer 10

• They were told that they were a part of ‘the understanding of psychological health and its relationship to what people do, think, and feel.
• On 2 occasions, they were assessed two times for depressive symptoms: once was a 938 item questionnaire, and second time was an interview in a clinic. Interviews blind to questionnaire results.
• center epidemiological studies depression scale to calculate intensity of MDD
• To test hypothesis, men women were divided into high medium and low symptom depression, however when asked on how they labeled their behaviors or whether they sought help the gender differences were not significant
• Cesd scores between self reported and interview results were compared

Question 11

results amenson and leinsohn

Answer 11

• Men and women with equal reported symptom levels were likely to be diagnosed as depressed wether interviewer was man or woman
• Self reported and clinical results was the same at 82% for women and 91% for men

Question 12

conclusion amenson and lewison

Answer 12

This study shows that prevalence is higher in women than men and is not due to reporting or clinical biases

Question 13

strentghs amenson and lewison

Answer 13

high ecological validity due to naturalistic

Question 14

weaknesses amenson and lewinsohn

Answer 14

• Women diagnosed as depressed, did not represent the true level of depression in self reported questionnaire showing this style of data collection is not reliable for depressed
• Done in the us, a highly individualistic culture, meaning it is difficult to generalize. Possibly lacks cross cultural validity
• 30 years old meaning self awareness and seeking help may be different now. Study may lack temporal validity
• No difference between participants w different incomes,education or employment changing psychology around prevalence rates