Prevention, Consultation, and Psychotherapy Research

Question 1

Based psychotherapy outcome research, Eysenck (1952) concluded that ____ of patients who participated in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, ____ of patients who participated in eclectic psychotherapy, and ____ of patients who did not participate in psychotherapy experienced an improvement in symptoms. He proposed that these results:

Answer 1

• 44%
• 64%
• 72%
• not only showed that psychotherapy is ineffective but that it may actually have detrimental effects

Question 2

Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) were the first to use ________ to combine the results of studies that compared the outcomes of patients who received psychotherapy to the outcomes of patients in either a no-treatment control group or an alternative (non-therapy) treatment group. Their analysis included ____ studies and produced a mean effect size of ____, which means that the average patient who received psychotherapy was “better off” than 80% of patients who did not receive psychotherapy.

Answer 2

• meta-analysis
• 475
• .85

Question 3

The dosage model of psychotherapy and its outcomes, developed by Howard and Colleagues, is also known as the ________ and states that there’s a predictable relationship between number of therapy sessions and the probability of measurable improvement in symptoms. Specifically, it predicts that 50% of therapy clients can be expected to exhibit a clinically significant improvement in symptoms by ________ sessions, 75% by ________ sessions, and 85% by ________ sessions.

Answer 3

• dose-effect model
• 6 to 8 sessions
• 26 sessions
• 52 sessions

Question 4

The phase model of psychotherapy and its outcomes, developed by Howard and Colleagues, proposes that psychotherapy outcomes can be described in terms of three phases:

Answer 4

1) Remoralization phase: occurs during the first few sessions and is characterized by an increase in hopefulness. (measures of: subjective well-being)

2) Remediation phase: occurs during the next 16 sessions and involves a reduction in symptoms. (measures of: severity and frequency of symptoms)

3) Rehabilitation phase: involves unlearning troublesome, maladaptive, habitual behaviors and establishing new ways of dealing with various aspects of life. (measures of: life functioning)