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MT-MLS 102 [CPH LAB] > Preventive Measures and Control > Flashcards

Preventive Measures and Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Disease Prevention and Control is Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability. According to who?

A

World Health Organization (2004)

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2
Q

__________ the likelihood of disease or disorder that will affect an individual.

A

Reducing

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3
Q

Objectives of Prevention and Control is to Reduce the magnitude of disease by?

A

Prevent the occurrence
Arrest progress
Reduce consequences

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4
Q

What’s the difference between Prevention vs Treatment vs Reducing?

A

Prevention: Vaccination, Hygiene
Treatment: Medication
Reducing: Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy.

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5
Q

The extent to which something deals with or applies to something else.

A

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

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6
Q

Any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.

A

Diseases/Health Problems

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7
Q

This type of disease is infectious.

A

Communicable Disease

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8
Q

This type of disease is lifestyle disease or chronic disease.

A

Non-communicable Disease

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9
Q

This type of disease are the abrasion, fracture, mental, terrible where the events are abuse, natural disasters, etc.

A

Injury or Trauma

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10
Q

This type of disease involves stress.

A

Mental Health

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11
Q

How to know your mental health is in Good condition?

A

He or she can realize ability

He or She ability to cope up with normal stresses of life

He or she is productive

He or she can contribute to the community.

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12
Q

The range of personal. Social, economic and environmental factors that influence health status.

A

Health Determinants

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13
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH FALL UNDER SEVERAL BROAD CATEGORIES

A

Policy Making
Social Factor
Healthcare Services
Individual Behavior
Biology and Genetics

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14
Q

This determinant of health is the Policies at the local state, and federal level effect individual and population health.

A

Policy Making

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15
Q

This determinant of health is also known as physical or social determinants. Reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age.

A

Social Factors

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16
Q

This determinant of health gives Both access to health services and the quality of health services can impact health.

A

Health Services

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17
Q

medication to prevent disease; commonly injected for immune disease patient

A

Chemoprophylaxis

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18
Q

The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

A

Scope of Prevention and Control

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19
Q

Individual or Community-Wide

chemoprophylaxis, immunization, and health education

A

Individual

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20
Q

Individual or Community-Wide

provision of safe water/proper excreta disposal, health projects and programs

A

Community-wide

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21
Q

Community Objectives

A

Elimination
Eradication

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22
Q

cases of disease no longer exist but one or more factors important in its occurrence still persist. (ex. Polio)

A

Elimination

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23
Q

cases of disease and the agent of disease have been eliminated; transmission of the causative agent have stopped in an irreversible manner (ex. Smallpox)

A

Eradication

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24
Q

Is the course a disease takes in individual people from its pathological onset (“inception”) until its eventual resolution through complete recovery or death.

A

Natural History of Disease

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25
States that an external agent can cause diseases on a susceptible host when there is a conducive (stimulates or enhances) environment.
Disease Causation Model
26
Successful prevention depend upon:
Knowledge of causation Dynamics of transmission
27
________ refers to any forces or properties which stimulates the growth, development, or change.
Dynamics
28
Identification of risk factors and risk groups.
Identify hazards Characterize the risk
29
Stages in Natural History of Disease
Stage of Susceptibility Stage of Subclinical Diseases or Asymptomatic Stage Stage of Clinical Disease Stage of recovery disability or death
30
- Proportion of individual na infected - Refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected
Infectivity
31
- May symptoms - Refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease.
Pathogenicity
32
- Severe or fatal - Refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal.
Virulence
33
Period between exposure to exhibiting symptoms
Incubation period
34
Difference between Latency and Incubation Period.
Latency Period - Non-communicable diseases Incubation Period - Communicable diseases
35
The onset of symptoms is marked from?
stage of clinical disease
36
Spectrum of diseases
Mild Severe Fatal
37
SOME DISEASES WOULD NEVER PROGRESS TO?
CLINICAL DISEASE
38
PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF DISEASE
Biological factors and Behavioral factors Environmental factors Immunologic factors Nutritional factors Genetic factors Services, Social factors and Spiritual factors
39
Chain of infection from having clinically inapparent symptoms to clinically acquired symptoms
(gradient of infection)
40
Model for the transmission of infectious disease that links the factor of agent, host, and environment that are responsible for this transmission.
Epidemiological Triad
41
Human capable of developing disease/ an organism, usually human or animal, that harbors the disease.
Host
42
Biological organisms capable of causing disease/ the cause of the disease.
Agent
43
It enhances or diminishes your agent. The favorable; Has 2 functions
Environment
44
Living organism or inanimate ,a matter in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies on which the agent depends primarily for survival and reproduces in such a manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host.
Reservoir
45
incubation periods. Life expectancy of the gist or pathogens, duration if the course of illness or condition.
Time
46
Represent all sufficient causes of a particular disease. An individual factor that contributes to the cause is shown as a piece of a pie. After all the pieces of a pie fall into place, the pie is complete and disease occurs.
Casual Pie
47
If a disease cannot develop in its absence.
Necessary Cause
48
A cause is termed sufficient when it inevitably produces or initiates a disease.
Sufficient Cause
49
Any conditions which are necessary for the completion of a sufficient cause.
Component Cause
50
How to do Risk Assessment
Identify population at high risk Assess exposure Research on causal mechanism
51
Combination of program elements or strategies designed to produce behavior changes or improve health health status among individuals or an entire population.
Intervention
52
Intervention steps
Apply intervention Evaluation intervention Modify intervention strategies
53
Examples of Modify intervention strategies
Health promotion campaign Educational program New and stronger policies Improving environment
54
Health Promotion, control exposure, genetic testing and psychosocial support and early detection (Screening)
Apply Intervention
55
Incidence vs Prevalence
Incidence - new cases Prevalence - new and existing cases
56
Measure change in risk and monitor incidence/prevalence, stage of diagnosis, and use of healthier lifestyle and prevention practices.
Evaluate Intervention
57
Level of prevention: national policies
Primordial
58
Level of prevention: we want to prevent the occurence then reduce incidence.
Primary
59
Level of prevention: arrest the progress by reducing prevalence.
Secondary
60
Level of prevention: prevent the complications by reducing the case fatality rate.
Tertiary
61
Relatively new concept, receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic diseases. Involves development and implementation of policies/guidelines to prevent risk factor development.
Primordial Prevention
62
Primordial Prevention Goal: To avoid the _____________________ of the social economic and cultural patterns of living known to contribute to elevated risk of disease.
emergence/establishment
63
Example of Primordial Prevention
Comprehensive policies to discourage smoking. Programs to promote regular physical activity.
64
Prevention of disease before its onset. Lowering the occurrence of the event.
Primary Prevention
65
Primary Prevention Goal: Reduce the __________ of disease.
incidence
66
Primary Prevention Objectives:
Control risk factors Remove the precipitating causes and disease determinant Eliminating or reduce host susceptibility.
67
Primary Prevention Strategies: Specific protection and health __________.
promotion
68
destruction of all forms of life
Sterlization
69
elimination of defined scope of microorganism and some bacterias pores.
Disinfection
70
Early and asymptomatic detection AND REMEDIATION OF CERTAIN DISEASES AND CONDITIONS.
Secondary Prevention
71
Secondary Prevention's Goal: To reduce the _________ of disease.
prevalence
72
Secondary Prevention Objectives: To ________ and cure disease at its earliest stage; To reduce the more serious consequences of disease
detect
73
Secondary Prevention Strategies: ______ detection/diagnosis; prompt treatment
Early
74
Tertiary Prevention is preventing consequences through?
Re-educating, retraining, and rehabilitating with patients that have disabilities.
75
Prevent or minimize complications after overt clinical diseases are manifest.
Tertiary Prevention
76
Tertiary Prevention Goal: To reduce?
CFR (Clinical Fertility Rate)
77
Tertiary Prevention Objectives: To reduce the ________ or complications of established disease
progress
78
Tertiary Prevention Strategies: Treatment and ____________
Rehabilitation
79
separation for the period of communicability. (Nakakahawa)
Isolation
80
Limitation of movement of a well person for a period not longer than incubation period.
Quarantine
81
FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES
Resources Acceptance of measure by population (laging kalaban: religion, customs, beliefs) Features of the infectious agent, disease, host (infectious disease)
82
Preventive Measures: Agent when in the reservoir
Eliminate reservoir (destroy) Reduce communicability Limit movement (Isolation/Quarantine) Behavioral changes
83
Preventive Measures: Agent when in transit to a new host
Chemical control Environmental control Biological control
84
Preventive Measures: Agent when in transit to a new host
Provision of safe and adequate water Proper sewage and water disposal Food and dairy sanitation Disinfection Cleaning
85
insects, arthropods and animals
Vectors (animate)
86
air water food utensils
Vehicles (inanimate)

MT-MLS 102 [CPH LAB] (4 decks)

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