Preventive Medicine Flashcards
(26 cards)
Malignancies with regular screening recommendations:
Breast CA, Colon CA, Cervical CA
Colon Cancer Screening Low Risk
Screening at age 50, every 10 years
Colon Cancer Screening High Risk
- Significant family history: Single 1st degree relative dx < 60yrs or multiple 1st degree relatives at any age.
- Age 40 or ten years before the youngest member got diagnosed
- Colonoscopy every 5 years
- No screening >75 yrs
Breast Cancer Screening
Women who are between 50-74 yrs every 1 or 2 years
Tamoxifen recommended por patients with 2 relatives with BC
Cervical Cancer Screening
Age 21 every 3 years until age 65
Travel Medicine
4-6 weeks before trip
Profilaxis for:
- Hep A & B
- Malaria, yellow fever and typhoid
- Rabies, polio, meningococcal
- Travelers diarrhea
Hepatitis A Profilaxis
- Fecal contamination
- Indication: all travelers to less developed countries, if leaving within 2 weeks–> vaccine + immune serum globulin
Hepatitis B Profilaxis
- Patients who plan to have sexual intercourse with local people
- Going abroad for more than 6 months
- If receiving medical or dental care abroad
- Recommended for people who work with indigenous people.
Malaria Profilaxis
- Cloroquine (can be used with pregnant women)
- Mefloquine (8 weeks)
- Doxycycline
Meningitis Vaccine
- Start at age 11
- Patients traveling to endemic or epidemic areas
- Asplenic patients (benefits the most)
- Terminal C5-C9 (Complement) Deficiencies (benefits the most)
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Traveling to endemic areas such as South America
Traveler’s Diarrhea
1: EDUCATE PATIENT
- If it happens: Loperamide ( mild loose stools without fever or blood)
- ATB: Fluoroquinolone or Azithromycin (moderate to severe symptoms)
Tetanus & Diphtheria
- Most children receive (DTaP)
- Booster (Td) every 10 years
Influenza Immunization
- Yearly all children and adults
- Pregnant women in their 2-3 trimester
- Most benefits for patients with: cardiopulmonary disease, DM, hemoglobinopathy, age > 50, residents of chronic health facilities.
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Age 60
Any group age if immunocompromised, cirrhosis, splenectomy, alcoholism, cardiopulmonary disease, sickle cell disease
Pneumococcal Revaccination
- Healthy patients who were vaccinated under 65 years
- Revaccinate ONCE after 5 years: chronic kidney disease, asplenic patients, immunocompromised patients
Hepatitis B Vaccination
- History of chronic liver disease (benefits the most)
- Immunocompromised patients
- Sexual contact
- Syringe contact
Varicella Vaccine
- Live attenuated: people who have never had it before
- NOT indicated for: immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, HIV+ sx with CD4+ <200
Varicella Zoster Vaccine
- Age > 60
HPV Vaccine
Women 9-26 yrs, 3 doses (0,2,6 months)
-Not used in pregnancy
Smoking Cessation
- Bupropion (benefits most) or Verencicline
- Follow ups
- Nicotine Patches and gum
Osteoporosis
Women age > 65
Women age 60 if low weight or increased risk of fractures
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
US screening on all smoking male patients over >65
- NO SCREENING FOR: women, non smoker men
DM Screening
- Strongest indication for screening: hypertension and hyperlipidemia
- DX of DM: 2 fasting glucoses > 125, HbA1c > 6.5%, Random glucose >200 + symptoms