Previous Exam Questions Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
The only coded aa that is chiral is
A
Gly
2
Q
Pyruvic acid, or pyruvate, chemically is a
A
alpha-ketoacid
3
Q
This non polar aa also works as a neurotransmitter
A
Gly
4
Q
The number of oxygens in glycerin acid is
A
4
5
Q
The only aa with a secondary alpha amino group is
A
Pro
6
Q
When pyruvate serves as the substrate for an aminotransferase the product is
A
Ala
7
Q
The aa is used as the source of CH3 groups is
A
Met
8
Q
This aa is abundant in muscle tissues
A
Leu
9
Q
These two aa are part of a motif in collagen
A
Gly and Pro
10
Q
When I say AUG, most likely I am referring to
A
Met
11
Q
A vitamin that is essential for strong triple helix collagen is
A
vit C
12
Q
The first aa introduced in the synthesis of a new polypeptide is
A
Met
13
Q
The most abundant free aa in blood is
A
Gln
14
Q
This aa takes its name from a common vegetable where it is abundant
A
Asn
15
Q
Two aa used as NH3 transporters to the liver are
A
Gln & Ala
16
Q
The only essential aa from the polar, uncharged group is
A
Thr
17
Q
The active form a protein is also called
A
Native
18
Q
The most important structure of protein is the
A
primary
19
Q
At enzymatic strait state, the factor that remains almost constant is
A
[ES]
20
Q
The parameters involved in the Michaelis-Menten equation are
A
Vo, Vmax, Km, S
21
Q
In a Lineweaver-Burk you plot
A
1/Vo and 1/[S]
22
Q
The substrate concentration at which the reason rate is 1/2 Vmax is
A
Km
23
Q
The number of substrate molecules converted to product in a given time is
A
kcat
24
Q
Enzyme efficiency and substate specificity is best described by
A
kcat/Km
25
The rate limiting in an enzymatic reaction is
k2
26
A residue that can't function in acid-base catalysis is
Phe
27
The reason the enzyme rate can't go faster than 10^9 M-1 s-1 is
The limit in diffusion is reached
28
A competitive inhibitor
is reversible
29
An irreversible inhibitor
causes covalent modification
30
The only group that is not an electrophile is
An uncharged amine group
31
An allosteric site in an exam is
located away from the active site
32
Covalent modification in an enzyme is done to
Regulate the enzyme
33
A target residue for phosphorylation is
Thr
34
Adenylylation only occurs at
Tyr
35
Methylation only occurs at
Glu
36
The number of carbons introduced in myristoylation is
14
37
The target residue for acetylation is
Lys
38
A common residue for acetylation and ubiquitination is
Lys
39
A process that uses as target residues two polar and one positively charged aa is
ADP-ribosylation
40
Ser proteases perform their action by using
Covalent and acid/base catalysis
41
The recognition pocket in elastase contains as significant residue
Val
42
The final hydrolysis in Ser protease occurs when water attacks an
ester
43
The only aa absent in Cis proteases but present in Ser proteases is
Asp
44
HIV protease belong to the general type of proteases known as
Asp proteases
45
Enolase can be classified in general as a
isomerase
46
The vitamin used as part of a cofactor in oxidoreductases is most likely
B2
47
Activation and transfer of aldehydes involves as part of a cofactor
Thiamine
48
CO2 activation and transfer involved as coenzyme or part of coenzyme
Biotin
49
A schiff base is produced by the reaction of an
aldehyde with amine
50
The most common metal in metalloproteases is
Zn
51
The best type of aa present in membrane alpha helices in type III proteins should be
nonpolar
52
For glucose to move from the intestinal lumen into the blood capillaries requires the involvement of
one symporter, one anti porter, and one uniporter
53
If glucose is actively moving from the epithelial cell into the blood capillaries it means that
Concentrations of glucose and sodium are highest in the epithelial cell
54
In Na+K+ATPase, as in Ca2+ ATPase, the ions leave the transporter to the lumen when
Asp gets phosphorylated
55
Basal glucose uptake is provided by GLUT
1
56
A glucose transporter in the intestine is GLUT
2
57
A Kt of 5mM corresponds to a transporter located in the
Muscle
58
The GLUT transporters most likely stored in the endosome under normal blood glucose levels are GLUT
2
59
In the red cell,
Cl- and bicarbonate move through an antiporter
60
Analyzing cotransport systems that you know, it is logical that
An ion and an uncharged molecule move through a symporter
61
An agent of signal transduction that acts on a different organism is called?
Pheromone
62
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis is
Glucagon
63
Epinephrine can be chemically classified as a
aa derivative
64
Epinephrine is directly released by stimulation of the
adrenal medulla
65
If equimolar amounts epinephrine (Kd=5), isoproterenol (0.4) and propranolol (0.0046) are injected simultaneously, the action observed will be the one corresponding to
Propranolol only
66
A receptor that has the ability to alter interactions with the cytoskeleton is called
Adhesion receptor
67
The hormone response element is a
regulatory region in DNA
68
The enzyme cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is associated with the processing of
cAMP
69
cGMP is the second messenger for the receptor
Guanylyl cyclase
70
PIP2 is hydrolysis by the enzyme
Phospholipase C
71
The enzyme adenylate kinase
Makes ATP from ADP
72
Inositol is chemically a
Cyclic alcohol
73
The ion that causes the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is
Ca2+
74
The receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is a
Gated ion channel
75
The receptor for the hormone epinephrine is E
GPCR
76
The receptor for the hormone acetylcholine is
GPCR
77
TPP contains as an essential component vitamin
B1
78
CoA contains as an essential component vitamin
Pantothenic acid
79
Lipoic acid contains as critical groups
Two thiols
80
The actual cofactor for dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase is
FAD
81
The active site of transaldolase contains a
Lys
82
An organ involved in gluconeogenesis is the
Kidney
83
An enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis is
PEP carboxykinase
84
The most important controlling enzyme in glycolysis is
PFK1
85
An enzyme that uses ATP as an allosteric modulator is
PFK-1
86
An enzyme that uses GTP as a cofactor is
PEP Carboxykinase
87
Phosphoglucomutase uses at the active site the amino acid
Ser
88
Phosphoglycerate mutase uses at the active site the amino acid
His
89
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase uses of the active site the amino acid
Cys
90
A difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is that
Gluconeogenesis uses GTP
91
In the muscle, hexokinase will be inhibited by
High levels of glucose-6-phosphate
92
The critical group in transketolase is
TPP
93
Formation of fructose-6-phosphate requires the amino acid
Glu
94
The number of asymmetric centers in D-glucose compared to D fructose is
One higher in D-glucose
95
Sucrose
Has one acetal group
96
The amino acid of hemoglobin involved in glycation are
Val and Lys
97
Gamma gluconolactone has a ring formed by
4 carbons and 1 oxygen
98
D glucose and D galactose are different on C4. Conversion of one to the other could be properly done using a
Epimerase
99
D glucose and D galactose are different on C4, and D-glucose and D-mannose are different on C2. Thus, D galactose and F-mannose are
Isomers
100
Mutarrotation of glucose
Produces more beta anomers than alpha
101
Glucuronic acid has a carboxylic group on
C6 of alpha D-glucose
102
The most oxidize carbon of D delta gluconolactone is carbon
One
103
Polysaccharide synthesis most commonly uses a sugar activated as
UDP
104
The most branch polysaccharide is
Glycogen
105
Of dietary glycogen and endogenous glycogen, one can say that
Only endogenous glycogen is converted to glucose-1-hosphate
106
Alcohol dehydrogenase uses as a cofactor
Zn2+
107
Pyruvate decarboxylase use as a cofactor
Mg2+
108
The number of hydrolases involved in the pentose phosphate pathway is
One
109
Substrate-based phosphorylation is involved with the enzyme
Citrate synthase
110
The number of carbons in glutaric acid is
Five
111
The only compound that can’t be produced reversibly and Krebs cycle is
Alpha ketoglutarate
112
Conversion of succinyl-CoA to oxaloacetate in the Krebs cycle involves the following sequences of enzymes
Synthetase to dehydrogenase to fumarase to dehydrogenase
113
Citrate synthase uses in its active site the amino acid
Asp and His
114
An example of an iron sulfur protein is
Aconitase
115
The number of reversible steps in the glyoxylate cycle is
0
116
The number of enzymes common to both the Krebs and glyoxylate cycles are
Three
117
The number of CoA – SH required to beta oxidize Palmitic acid to acetyl CoA is
Eight
118
A cofactor required to process a 15 carbon fatty acid by beta oxidation is vitamin B
12
119
If there is no oxaloacetate in the mitochondria, excess acetyl CoA will be converted to
Acetoacetate
120
A fatty acid did not require carnitine for transport, required biotin in one step of its beta oxidation, and produced 4 NADH. The fatty acid is
Nonanoic Acid
121
The nucleoli
have rRNA and proteins
122
The ribosomal subunits are made in the
nucleoli
123
Chromatin is a complex structure that contains chromosomes and
polypeptides
124
The part of the cell that contains a double membrane is the
nucleus
125
Phospholipids are assembled in the
SER
126
The number of fatty acids in a storage lipid is
3
127
The number of fatty acids in a sphingolipid is
1
128
The largest internal membrane is in the
ER
129
Hydrolytic enzymes that require low pH for activation are present in the
lysosome
130
Within the cell, Ca2+ is maintained in the
SER
131
The oxidation of fatty acids is performed mostly by the
peroxysomes
132
Catalase is commonly present in the
peroxysome
133
Catalase converts H2O2 into
H2O and O2
134
In the reaction of catalase with H2O2 the atoms that get oxidized and reduces are
O and O
135
The reaction of an acid with an amine normally occurs when one makes
proteins
136
Amides are present naturally in
proteins
137
Cis and trans faces are present in the
golgi
138
Hydrolysis of an ester produces
an acid and an alcohol
139
Oxidation number of the carbon attached to a primary alcohol?
-1
140
Oxidation number of the carbon of an aldehyde
+1
141
Oxidation number of the carboxylic carbon of a carboxylic acid
+3
142
Oxidation of the carbon of a secondary amine
-1
143
Oxidation number of the S in H2SO4
+6
144
Majority of carbons in 18:1(Δ9) have the oxidation number
-2
145
The compound all cis 18:3(Δ9,12,15) has the common name
alpha linolenic acid
146
The compound all cis 18:3(Δ9,12,15) is an omega
3
147
The fatty acid most commonly made by animal cells is
Palmitic
148
18:0 corresponds to the fatty acid
Stearic
149
Waxes are
esters
150
True or false: an omega 3 fatty acid must have 3 double bonds
False
151
True or false: all unsaturated natural fatty acids, including those from milk are cis
False
152
Chemically sphingosine is a(n)
aminoalcohol
153
The sum of the oxidation numbers of the 3 carbons of glycerol is
-2
154
A TAG that contains 18:0 as the only FA should be liquid compared to one that contains all cis 18:3 (Δ9,12,15) as the only FA
False
155
Plasmologens are commonly present in the
Heart
156
The antigens involved in blood type are normally
glycosphingolipids
157
The number of positively charged amino acids is
3
158
The number of polar uncharged amino acids is
5
159
The total number of aromatic amino acids is
4
160
The number of pKas for Arg is
3
161
The number of pKas for Gln is
2
162
Asm is polar because it contains a functional group called
amide
163
When [A-]=[HA] in the equilibrium then
pKa = pH
164
The major protein of humans is present as
collagen
165
The number of pKas in Trp is
2
166
The number of non polar essential amino acids is
4
167
The aromatic amino acids have an absorption in the
UV
168
In the conversion of 2 Cis to the disulfide Cystine the total electrons changed is
-2
169
The net charge in the zwitterion form of Ice is
0
170
If a protein has a lot of type 1 beta turns, most likely has the aa
Pro
171
Beta conformations are present in
silk
172
A motif frequently seen in collagen is
Gly-Pro-X
173
The aa that can adopt a cis beta turn configuration in peptides is
Pro
174
The only aa with a non-aromatic ring is
Pro
175
If the Kd of a protein with ligand X is 1x10^-18 M, it means the binding is
Very strong
176
The amino acid involved in holding thereon in myoglobin is a
positively charged
177
An amino acid used to transport ammonia from the muscles is
Ala
178
A branched amino acid is
Ile
179
An amino acid present in SAMe useful in methylations is
Met
180
An amino acid that acts also as a neurotransmitter is
Gly
