Previous STI Questions

Question 1

Taxi fuel?

Answer 1

APU usage

Engine start

Taxi for departure

Question 2

Trip Fuel?

Answer 2

Take off and climb
Departure manoeuvring 
Cruise
Descent
Destination manoeuvring
Approach and landing
An allowance for carrying the planned Recommended Extra Fuel

Question 3

Contingency fuel?

Answer 3

Errors in forecast winds or temperatures.
Restrictions on altitude
Minor route changes due to ATC or weather.
Extended taxi times.

Question 4

Additional (Mandatory) Fuel?

Answer 4

All flights should have sufficient fuel to allow a diversion to an alternate airport in the event of a depressurisation or engine failure. This shall be : sufficient fuel available at all times during the flight, to allow the flight to continue to the nearest suitable airport, hold for 15 minutes at 1,500ft AAL and complete an approach and landing.

Loss of pressurisation and the failure of one engine shall be considered when determining the above requirement.

Question 5

Alternate fuel?

Answer 5

Make a missed approach from the minima at destination.
Climb to crushing altitude
Fly to an alternate airport plus 5% contingency
Descend and complete an approach to landing.

Alternate fuel is planned at cost index 0 and includes 5% contingency fuel

Question 6

Final reserve fuel?

Answer 6

Company defined minimum fuel with which the aircraft shall land.

Final reserve fuel is equal to 30 minutes holding at 1500ft AAL based on the aircrafts planned landing weight at the alternate.

If values are not available 747- 4900kg & 747-8 - 4800kg.

Question 7

Minimum diversion fuel?

Answer 7

Minimum diversion fuel is the sum of the alternate fuel and reserve fuel.

Where an amount of fuel is der termites to be unusable, the minimum diversion fuel entered in the FMC shall be increased by the amount equal to the amount of unusable fuel.

Question 8

Fuel required?

Answer 8

Fuel required is the sum of:
Taxi fuel
Trip fuel
Contingency fuel
Additional (Mandatory) fuel
Alternate fuel
Final reserve fuel

Question 9

Recommend extra fuel?

Answer 9

Recommended extra fuel is additional to fuel required to allow for:

Known or suspected weather avoidance requirements
Enjoy the air traffic constraints
Destination holding delays

Question 10

Discretionary fuel?

Answer 10

An additional fuel that is carried at the discretion of the PIC.

Question 11

Total fuel?

Answer 11

Total fuel is the sum of:

Fuel required
Recommended extra fuel
Discretionary fuel

Question 12

Contingency A (Cont A)?

Answer 12

Normal planned contingency level for most LRO/ULRO flights.

Under normal circumstances this contingency level will ensure that the flight arrives at destination in compliance with normal fuel required.

Question 13

Contingency B (CONT B)?

Answer 13

This is the figure to which contingency may be reduced in order to increase payload.
Under normal circumstances this contingency level gives an extremely high probability of the flight being able to arrive at destination in compliance with normal fuel required.
A CFP may be produced using CONT B or the PIC may at his discretion reduce the contingency fuel to the CONT B figure in consultation with IOC

Question 14

Contingency C (CONT C)?

Answer 14

When the required payload cannot be uplifted using CONT B.
This is the minimum level of contingency fuel acceptable.
CONT C will only be used with the approval of IOC or LOP.
At any time CONT C is planned IOC shall consider a technical stop.
IOC shall ensure that all engineering and Airport personnel are available for the tech stop.
Additional criteria:
May only be used to uplift revenue passengers an contracted express freight.
The forecast weather shall be at or above non precision minima for filling as alternate.
A CFP will be produced nominating a suitable ERA.
The weather for the ERA should be above minima for filling as an alternate.

Question 15

Normal fuel required?

Answer 15

Proceed from present position to destination.
Make an approach to land
Divert to an alternate, with 5% contingency fuel.
Hold for 30 minutes at 1500ft AAL and complete an approach and landing.

Question 16

In-flight reduction of normal fuel required?

Answer 16

If a flight will arrive at destination with less than minimum diversion.

• Airport has two independent runways suitable for landing.
• Actual and forecast weather for the ETA at the destination airport weather conditions at or above the Non precision minima for filling as a alternate and the crosswind is within aircraft limits.
• There are no known or probable ATC delays.
• Fuel remaining to:
• Continue to destination
• plus 5% contingency from overhead or abeam the last suitable ERA.
• Plus 30 minutes holding at 1500ft AAL and complete an approach and landing.
• Should aim to land with 45 minutes.

Question 17

In flight reduction after descent?

Answer 17

The flight may continue to destination provided the fuel remaining on landing with be at least equal to final reserve fuel.

Question 18

Fuel at touchdown?

Answer 18

Destination= Alternate fuel + Final Reserve Fuel.
In flight reduction to destination= Final reserve fuel.
Destination Alternate= Final Reserve Fuel.
ERA’s following engine failure and/or depressurisation= 15 minutes of reserve fuel.
ERA’s except above= Final Reserve Fuel.

Question 19

Minimum fuel definition?

Answer 19

The PIC shall advise ATC by declaring ‘minimum fuel’ when having committed to land at a specific airport, it is anticipated that any change to the existing clearance may result in landing with less than planned Final Reserve Fuel.

This could occur after conducting a In flight reduction or when diverting to the planned alternate with no further options.

Fuel remaining shall be determined from the lowest fuel figure, CALCULATED OR TOTALISER

Question 20

Mayday fuel (Emergency Fuel) definition?

Answer 20

Mayday fuel is declared when it is assessed that the aircraft will land with less than planned final reserve fuel at the nearest airport.

This is an emergency and priority will be given to the aircraft.

Fuel remaining shall be determined from the lowest fuel figure, CALCULATED OR TOTALISER.

Question 21

On a airway how much separation from terrain or obstacles are required?

Answer 21

10nm from the airway and 10nm beyond reporting or check points.

Question 22

When off a airway separation must be maintained from any terrain or obstacle within?

Answer 22

20nm

Question 23

What is the terrain clearance buffer provided to the Grid MORA altitudes on the navigation charts?

Answer 23

1,500ft added to any obstacle or terrain with a elevation of 5000ft or below.

2,000ft is added to anything above 5000ft elevation.

This is due to altimeter indication error as altitude increases.

Question 24

Minimum route altitude (MRA) is a company defined minimum safe altitude depicted on the CFP and EDG. It is calculated off the highest obstacles within a 10nm radius of track. The MRA is increased by 1,000ft and is correct for speeds up to 30kts. What is the minimum terrain clearance provided by the MRA?

Answer 24

Terrain with a elevation of 5,000ft or below has a total terrain clearance of 2,500ft.

Terrain with a elevation of more than 5,000ft has a total terrain clearance of 3,000ft.

Question 25

When a aircraft is within 20nm of terrain that has a elevation of greater than 2,000ft it is required to be corrected for wind effect by how much? For safe altitudes on Navtech charts

Answer 25

``` Elevation of terrain 2,000-8,000ft 0-30kts= 500ft 31-50kts= 1,000ft 51-70kts= 1,500ft Over 70kts= 2,000ft ``` Elevation with a terrain above 8,000ft. 0-30kts= 1,000ft 31-50kts= 1,500ft 51-70kts= 2,000ft Over 70kts= 2,500ft

Question 26

What is the wind correction applied to the MRA on the CFP when the wind exceeds 30kts?

Answer 26

With terrain above 2,000ft elevation. 31-50kts= 500ft 51-70kts= 1,000ft Over 70kts= 1,500ft

Question 27

What is the actual terrain clearance provided on the enroute diversion guides?

Answer 27

Below 5000ft= 2,500ft 5000-8000ft= 3,000ft Above 8000ft= 3,500ft

Question 28

When wind speeds are greater than 50kts when using the enroute diversion guide apply the following increments

Answer 28

51-70kts add 500ft | Over 70kts add 1,000ft

Question 29

Minimum cruise altitude?

Answer 29

There is no requirement to land at the nearest suitable airport following failure of an engine in a four engine aircraft provided two engines inoperative case is considered and terrain clearance is assured.

Question 30

Minimum safe altitude (MSA)?

Answer 30

Usually within 25nm and provides 1,000ft terrain clearance. This altitude is for emergency use only. GPS approach is referenced to the missed approach point. RNAV approach MSA is referenced to the runway waypoint for straight in approaches.

Question 31

Low temperature altimetry corrections to MSA?

Answer 31

Lower than ISA -15deg= not less than 10%. Lower than ISA -30deg= not less than 20%. Lower than ISA -45deg= not less than 25%

Question 32

Altitude correction tables are used for what altitudes?

Answer 32

Published procedural altitudes DA/MDA, IF/IAF/FAF altitudes and glide slope check altitudes. - interpolation of the chart is required. - the calculated correction shall be rounded up to the next 100ft except for DA/MDA where it will be rounded to the next 10ft. - when flight crew apply altitude corrections to the FAF crossing altitude, procedural turn and missed approach altitudes they shall advise ATC of corrections applied. - when under ATC radar control ICAO recommends ATC apply corrections however PIC may choose a higher altitude.

Question 33

Baro- VNAV low temperature minima?

Answer 33

The chart will display a temperature limit. If the temperature is colder than the limit than the approach may be flown but only to the LNAV MDA. Temperature corrections must be applied

Question 34

Adequate airport definition?

Answer 34

An adequate airport is an airport, which is considered to be satisfactory taking account of the applicable performance requirements and runway characteristics. In addition it should be anticipated at the time of use the airport will be available and equipped with the necessary ancillary services such as ATS, sufficient lighting, communications, weather reporting, Nav Aids and emergency services. An airport is adequate if: Runway length is sufficient to meet aircraft performance requirements ( required take off and landing distance) Airport rescue and fire fighting category is compatible with the aircraft. Pavement strength is compatible with aircraft weight or concession is obtained.

Question 35

Suitable airport definition?

Answer 35

Airport is adequate for CPA operations. Meteorological conditions meet the planning minima for the expected landing time and meets the approach, runway and aircraft capabilities and crew qualifications.

Question 36

Airfield Fire/Crash facilities

Answer 36

Company policy Company policy shall be to select destination airports which are classified RFF Cat 9 or higher and scheduled destination alternates which are classified Cat 7 or higher. Temporary NOTAMED unserviceabilities which reduce the RFF category to a minimum of Cat 7 for scheduled destinations and Cat 5 for scheduled destination alternates is acceptable. The minimum RFF category for a nominated enroute airport or EDTO enroute airport is Cat 4.

Question 37

Deviations from cleared altitude or track. Rapid/Emergency descent or diversion when no ATC clearance is immediately available.

Answer 37

General/Oceanic RVSM- leave assigned route by turning at least 45degrees right or left and a acquire a track offset which is the mid point from the adjacent parallel track for all regions except Middle East and Oceanic regions. Offset for Middle East regions is 25nm. Offset for Oceanic regions is 15nm. When an aircraft is able to maintain its assigned altitude but has deviated more than 10nm from its assigned route then climb or descend to a level different by 500ft. Procedures for China/DPRK Aircraft should leave the assigned route by turning 30 degrees to the right and intercept a 5NM offset then parallel the original track then climb or descend to the new level and return to the original route.

Question 38

Deviations from cleared altitude or track. | Weather deviation procedures.

Answer 38

Altitude deviations due to severe turbulence or mountain wave activity by more than 200ft. Notify ATC unable RVSM. Request vectors away from traffic and report location and magnitude of turbulence. If track deviation is required without ATC clearance the following procedure is required. - deviate away from organised track system. Broadcast on 121.5 and 123.45. Turn all lights on and monitor TCAS. - If deviation is less than 10nm the aircraft should remain on level allocated. - if deviation is greater than 10nm when the aircraft is greater than 10nm change level as follows. East= left of track descend 300ft, right of track climb 300ft. West= left of track climb 300ft, right of track descend 300ft. Aircraft should return to previous altitude once within 10nm of route.

Question 39

Reporting if deviations from cleared flight level.

Answer 39

If a flight deviates more than 300ft from a cleared altitude or level within RVSM airspace an altitude report should be completed. Crew should complete a ASR.

Question 40

Junior first officer limitations

Answer 40

JFO are permitted to operate as PF except: - take off and landing crosswind exceeds 10kts - landing following a major mechanical failure - landing on a field length limited runway - landing when the actual terminal weather is less than 500ft clue base or less than 1,500m visibility. - landing at an alternate airport that is not familiar to both pilots - night visual approaches at any category B airport. Any BTC STC TC. May permit a landing up to a maximum of 15kts crosswind.

Question 41

First officer limitations

Answer 41

Not permitted when: - take off and landing crosswind exceeds 15kts - landing following a major mechanical or in flight shut down - landing on a field length limited runway - landing when actual terminal weather is less than 300ft cloud base or less than 1,500m visibility - landing at an alternate airport that is not familiar to both pilots - night visual approaches at any category B airport. BTC's may permit landings up to the applicable aircraft crosswind limit. STC's and TC's may operate to a maximum crosswind of 25kts

Question 42

What are the freezing point for Jet A and Jet A-1?

Answer 42

Jet A freeze point= -40 degrees Jet A-1 freeze point= -47degrees Ops A 8.2.5.8 approved fuels. Fuel temperature turns Amber when at or below the fuel freeze temperature entered on Perf Init page or -37degrees if temperature not entered. ANC has a minimum fuel freeze point of -45.6degrees more detail can be obtained on the day. Fuel temperature is measured from main tank 1

Question 43

Approach ban?

Answer 43

The Commander shall not commence an approach (descent below 1000ft AAL) if the reported RVR is below the published minimum. If the aircraft is already below 1000ft when the RVR reduces below the published minimum for the approach, the commander may continue the approach to the minima. When midpoint RVR is reported for a Cat 1 approach adequate visual reference shall be at least 200m.

Question 44

Information required in ACARS message during a diversion?

Answer 44

IOC Alert and diversion should include: Diversion Airport ETA Number of passengers Reason for diversion. Provide more details of medical reason.

Question 45

What does the STAR briefing consist of?

Answer 45

S- situation, provide a brief description of the unusual or emergency situation being faced. T- time, how much time is available to complete the actions. A- actions, what actions the person giving the briefing will be doing and what actions the person receiving the briefing will take. R- request a repeat back of the key points of the briefing.

Question 46

Do holdover times exist for heavy snow or heavy snow pellets?

Answer 46

NO