Prey Vision

Question 1

how wide is a horses field of vision

Answer 1

350 degrees

Question 2

where are the 2 blind spots

Answer 2

4-5 feet directly in front the nose
directly behind the back

Question 3

what breeds have more sclera

Answer 3

any horse with loud markings(paints, pinto, appys, etc)

Question 4

what is the stereotype of horses with more sclera

Answer 4

that they’re crazy

Question 5

what is the conjunctiva

Answer 5

pinkish membrane that covers the white of the eye

Question 6

rank of horses ability to see colors

Answer 6

yellow > green > red

Question 7

what allows for night vision

Answer 7

tapetum lucidum

Question 8

nictitating membrane

Answer 8

the third eyelid

Question 9

purpose of the third eyelid

Answer 9

cleansing and lubricating eye

Question 10

what are tears secreted by

Answer 10

lacrimal gland

Question 11

what is the anterior chamber, where is it?

Answer 11

fluid filled chamber between the cornea and the iris

Question 12

T/F the horses eyeball is somewhat flattened from front to back to form a ramped retina

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

what is accommodation

Answer 13

horses changing the angle of their head to change the curvature of the lens to change focus

Question 14

what part of the retina is used to see at a distance? close by?

Answer 14

distance: lower part
close: upper part

Question 15

what percent of horses are nearsighted

Answer 15

1/3

Question 16

what type of horses have more instances of farsightedness

Answer 16

wild horses

Question 17

dazzle response

Answer 17

contraction of pupil in response to sudden bright light

Question 18

menace response

Answer 18

horse moves his head away from a perceived threat

Question 19

what can be used to measure tear production

Answer 19

schirmer test strip

Question 20

what is the back of the eye called? how is it viewed?

Answer 20

fundus. viewed with opthalmoscopy

Question 21

entropion definition

Answer 21

rolling of the lower lid against the eye

Question 22

causes of entropion

Answer 22

dehydration
malnutrition
prematurity

Question 23

T/F entropion is purely an aesthetic error that is unfixable

Answer 23

FALSE. it can cause corneal ulceration but is fixable with surgery(older horses) or gently everting to normal position(foals)

Question 24

whats checked during a foal eye exam

Answer 24

-signs of jaundice(yellow sclera)
-nasolacrimal system(tear ducts)
-cataracts

Question 25

what breed has a non progressive type of cataract

Answer 25

morgan

Question 26

signs of eye ailments

Answer 26

pain excessive tears/discharge squinting light avoindence

Question 27

usual causes of eye pain

Answer 27

cornea injuries scratches

Question 28

what does discharge from both eyes usually indicate(when no other signs of illness are present)

Answer 28

conjunctivitus

Question 29

what does discharge from both eyes usually indicate when coupled with a fever

Answer 29

viral respiratory disease or strangles

Question 30

what does unilateral watery discharge from the eye usually indicate

Answer 30

blocked tear duct

Question 31

what protects the eyes from damage

Answer 31

heavy framework of bone surrounding the orbit

Question 32

how much can ears rotate

Answer 32

180 degrees

Question 33

meaning of ears pinned straight forward

Answer 33

alert, nervous, curious

Question 34

meaning of ears pinned straight backwards

Answer 34

agression, irritation

Question 35

meaning of one ear forward and one back

Answer 35

divided attention (can indicate terror if ears are pinned tightly in opposite directions)

Question 36

spots of high skin sensitivity

Answer 36

mouth feet flanks neck shoulders

Question 37

where are tactile hairs located

Answer 37

eyes and muzzle

Question 38

what riding style clips tactile hairs the most

Answer 38

all arounders

Question 39

T/F it is beneficial to use many varying types of the same equipment (ex. using a different bridle every day) to help them learn

Answer 39

FALSE. keep equipment consistent while theyre learning

Question 40

what is sacking out

Answer 40

method of desensitization utilizing feed bags, tarps, or other noise makers

Question 41

what is it called when a horse lifts their upper lip in response to pheremones

Answer 41

flehmen response

Question 42

horses use of smell

Answer 42

identification of others heat detection food selection

Question 43

survival traits of a horse

Answer 43

-depend on flight for escape -perception is key -fast response time -easily desensitized(must distinguish harmful from harmless) -forgive but dont forget(make first experience good) -categorize experiences -easily dominated -exert dominance through controlling others movements -born neurologically mature at birth -unique body language

Question 44

what is unique about horses body language

Answer 44

their face is always true to how they are feeling

Question 45

wheredo most conflict of rank happen after social hierarchy is established

Answer 45

in the middle ranks

Question 46

what factors can affect how dominant or submissive a horse is

Answer 46

genetics management practices

Question 47

T/F dominance is established at birth and almost never changes throughout life

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

function/goal of wild herds

Answer 48

survival and reproduction

Question 49

function/goal of domestic herds

Answer 49

food, protection, social interaction

Question 50

why do conflicts happen more often in domestic herds than wild herds

Answer 50

-constantly changing dynamics(horses arent always turned out with the same horses) -feeding times

Question 51

what handling factors are affected by a horses dominance levels

Answer 51

flight zone reaction to new stimuli adaptability

Question 52

what do horses rely on for communication

Answer 52

vocalizations body language

Question 53

what is the left brain responsible for

Answer 53

responsive calm thinking

Question 54

what is the right brain responsible for

Answer 54

instinctive reaction

Question 55

T/F behaviors often have two or more potential causes, looking at the horses body language can help you understand what they are thinking

Answer 55

TRUE EX: bucking can be playful or aggressive