Priciples And Practices Flashcards
What are the four components central to the leadership concept?
Leadership is a process
Leadership involves influence
Leadership occurs in groups
Leadership involves common goals
Who first looked at leadership by studying big city mayors
John Knotter
John knotter described leadership process as producing movement through what three sub processes
Establishing direction
Aligning people
Motivating and inspiring
What two things are needed to make a successful organization
Both leadership and management
What time frames does management look at?
Short time frames, a few months to the next fiscal year
What are the five major leadership traits according to Peter North House
Intelligence
Self-confidence
Determination
Integrity
Sociability
What three skills are identified in the skills approach developed by Peter North House
Technical
Human
Conceptual
Which leadership approach emphasizes the personality characteristics of the leader
Behavioral approach
Which leadership approach emphasizes the capabilities of the leader
Skills approach
The behavioral approach falls into what two general kinds of behaviors
Task and relationship
Which behaviors facilitate goal accomplishment
Task behaviors
Which behaviors help followers feel comfortable with themselves, with each other, and with the situation in which they find themselves
Relationship behaviors
The central purpose of the ____________  approach is to explain how leaders combine these two kinds of behaviors to influence followers in their efforts to reach a goal
Behavioral
What assumes that every decision made in every action taken in the workplace are driven by peoples values, attitudes, and beliefs
Grid theory
Who developed grid theory that was eventually applied to crew resource management
Blake and Mouton
How many questions did the survey contain that Blake and mutton developed that measures a person’s level of concern?
35
Which management style represents the lowest level of concern for both results and people
Impoverished or indifferent manager
Which type of management style is the least visible person in a team or a follower who maintains distance from active involvement whenever possible
Impoverished or indifferent management
Which management style relies heavily on instructions and process
In different management
Which type of manager demonstrates a high concern for results, but a low concern for others
Authority compliance, or controlling manager
Which type of manager is usually highly trained, organized, experienced, and qualified to lead a team to success
Authority compliance manager
Which type of leader is demonstrating the autocratic leadership style?
Authority compliance management
Which type of management demonstrates a low concern for results in a high concern for other people?
Country club management
Also known as accommodating
Which type of management maintains a heightened awareness of the personal feelings, goals, and ambitions of others, and always considers how proposed actions will affect them
Country club management
Which type of management is approachable, fund, friendly, and always ready to listen with sympathy and encouragement
Accommodating manager
Which two management styles are diametrically opposed in their perspectives
Authority compliance manager and country club manager
Which management style believes there is an inherent contradiction between the concerns for results and for people, but does not value one concern over the other
Middle of the road or status quo manager
Which leadership style is the status quo manager demonstrating?
Laissez faire
Which leadership style moves the decision-making from the fire officer to the individual firefighters
Laisse Faire or status quo
Which leadership style is effective when working with experienced firefighters and when handling routine duties that pose little personal hazard
Liaise fairE
Which management style sees no contradiction and demonstrating a high concern for both people and results at the same time
Team management or sound manager
Which attitude leads to more effective work relationships based on what’s right rather than who’s right
Sound attitude
Which management style is preferred for a candidate who seeks to become a successful fire officer
Team management model
The team management model demonstrates what leadership style
Democratic
Which leadership approach stresses that leadership is composed of both a directive and a supportive dimension
Situational Leadership approach
How many categories are there of directive and supportive behaviors?
4
 Which category of leadership is high directive and low supportive
S1 directing style
Which leadership style is high directive high supportive
S2 coaching style
Which leadership style is high, supportive, low directive
S3 supporting style
Which leadership  category is low supportive, low directive
S4 delegating style
What are the four categories of directive and supportive leadership style?
Directing
Coaching
Supporting
Delegating
High directive, low supportive
S1
High directive, high supportive
S2
High supportive, low directive
S3
Low supportive, low directive
S4
Which leadership style gives more attention to the charismatic and effective elements of leadership
Transformational leadership
Which leadership style utilizes a 360° feedback process and focuses on developing a compelling vision for the leader
Transformational leadership
What are the five dimensions of authentic leaders?
Purpose
Values
Relationships
Self-discipline
Heart
Which leadership approach focuses on leadership from the point of view of the leader and his behaviors
Servant leadership
Which leadership style emphasizes that leaders be attentive to the concerns of their followers, emphasize with them, and nurture them
Servant leadership
Which leaders put followers first, and power them, and help them develop their full personal capacity
Servant leadership
Which leadership style has been a focused interest of the international Association of fire chiefs for fire officer development
Servant leadership
Which leadership style focuses on the activities of the leader in relation relation to the work of the followers One confronted with a technical or adaptive challenge
Adaptive leadership
What are the six leadership behaviors of adaptive leadership?
Get on the balcony
Identify the adaptive challenge
Regulate distress
Maintain disciplined attention
Give the work back to the people
Protect leadership voices from below
Which type of leadership is a complex process that includes situational challenges, leader, behaviors, and adaptive work
Adaptive leadership
__________ involves a power differential between the follower and the leader
Followership
What is the capacity of one party to influence another party?
Power
What type of power is described as the result of the target person response from the agent making a request?
Social power
What type of power occurs when the target person believes that the agent has the right to make the request and the target person has the obligation to comply
Legitimate power
What type of power occurs when the target person comprise due to admiration of or identification with the agent and seeks approval
Referent power
What type of power occurs when the target person complies to avoid punishment believed to be controlled by the agent?
Coercive power
Which type of power includes expert and referent, and reflects the effectiveness of the individual
Personal power
What are the three examples of positional power?
Legitimate
Reward
Coercive
What type of power has control over the physical environment, technology, or organization of work
Ecological power
What are created to resolve an organizational problem or handle a temporary need?
Work groups or task forces
To be effective as a manager, a fire officer must develop skills that are directly related to what
Managing human resources
What is the process of having the right number of people in the right place at the right time who can accomplish a task, efficiently and effectively?
Human resource planning
What includes all activities to train and educate employees?
Human resources development
What is a formal document that outlines the basic reason for the organizations existence and states how it sees itself
Mission statement
What is the first step effective delegation?
Define your desired results
What is the last step in effective delegation?
Arrange feedback during the process
What are the five options in relation to step three of effective delegation?
Take action independently
Take action and report back
Action to the officer for approval
Provide two or more recommended actions
Provide information about the pros and cons of different options
What is one of the most unique and vital leadership responsibilities for a fire officer?
His role in crew resource management
Crew resource management contributed to a ___ percent reduction in aviation industry accidents
80%
Who developed the “dirty dozen” a comprehensive list of reasons and ways that humans make mistakes
Gordon DuPont
Who said that each layer of defense is more like a slice of Swiss cheese than a solid barrier?
Dr. James reason
James reason sites two reasons that explain why holes appear in layers of defense
Active failures and Latent conditions
What are the unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system?
Active failures
What are the inevitable resident pathogens within a system?
Latent conditions
Of the five steps listed to create a safety culture with a fire department what is the first step?
Provide honest sharing of safety information without the fear of reprisal from supervisors
What is the last step a fire department should take from the five steps to create a safety culture
Train fire officers in evaluating situations, reinforcing air, avoidance, and managing the safety process
Crew resource management is an error management model that incorporates what three activities
Avoidance
Entrapment
Mitigating consequences
What are two keys to reducing errors resulting from miscommunication?
Developing a standard language
Teaching appropriate assertive behavior
What two things are discrete, learnable skills that promote synergy between the mechanical elements and the human players in a scenario
Inquiry and advocacy
What Is the process of questioning a situation that causes concern?
Inquiry
What is the statement of opinion that recommends what the person believes is the proper course of action under a specific set of circumstances?
Advocacy
What is the first step that Tom Bishop from the air prevention Institute teaches as a five step assertive statement process
Use an opening/attention getter
What is the last step that Tom Bishop from the air prevention Institute teaches as a five step assertive statement process
Obtain agreement or buy
Fire officers, formally exercise leadership of the team through a combination of what two things
Rank and authority
True respect is based on what three competencies
Personal
Technical
Social
What four things should a follower perform a self assessment of their ability to function as part of a team on
Physical condition
Mental condition
Attitude
Understanding human behavior
What is the first step in the CRM task allocation phase?
Knowing ones own limits and the capacity of the team
Which decision-making process process describes how commanders can recognize a plausible plan of action
Recognized primed decision-making
Which decision-making process describes how commanders make decisions in their natural environment
Naturalistic decision-making
What is the first step that should be followed to maintain emergency scene situation awareness
Fight the fire
What is the last step in maintaining emergency scene situational awareness?
Be aware of situational awareness, loss factor
Influencing people to complete tasks requires the fire officer to be skilled in what areas
Communicator
Active listener
Fire ground commander
The fire officer meets the supervisor responsibilities by doing what three things
Making effective decisions
Properly assigning tasks
Understanding the grievance process
The fire officer developed members through what three things
Effective skill training
Evaluation of competence
And addressing member related problems
A manager will use leadership to _______ tasks, and a leader will use leadership to _______tasks
Accomplish
Influence
Listening is a face-to-face situation, is an active process that requires what three things
Good eye contact
alert body posture
Frequent use of a verbal engagement
What is a standard method of transmitting in order to a unit or company at the incident scene?
Communications order model
The first arriving fire officer provides leadership and direction to responding units by implementing what
Incident management system
Project made a found that what percentage of May days there is a major breakdown at communications, orders, issued or received, missed messages, walkover, communications, and the worst of the problems, missing a mayday call?
87%
According to project Mayday, what percentage of Mayday calls were missed the first time?
54%
Fire officers need to keep the chief officer informed about what three areas?
Progress towards performance, goals, and project of objectives
Matters that may cause controversy
Attitudes and morale
What is the first step of five in effective high-quality decision-making?
Defined the problem
What is the last step in the systematic approach to high-quality decision-making?
Evaluate the results
How long should you give groups of 4 to 16 to generate ideas to solve a problem when brainstorming?
15 to 25 minutes
A legitimate problem-solving process has to be reasonable and based on what two things
Logic and organizational values
Complex and long range tasks may require two things?
Formal project management plan
Designated coordinator
What must an implementation plan include to ensure that the goals are met?
A schedule
Emergency incident operations must be conducted in a structured and consistent manner. This goal is accomplished by placing a strong emphasis on what?
SOP’s
What provides a framework to allow activities to be efficiently completed through the efforts of everyone involved in the event?
SOP
Command staff assignments include the roles of what three officers?
Incident safety officer
Liaison officer
Information officer
What is the first obligation when a Mayday is received?
To maintain radio discipline
What is the second obligation of a company officer when a Mayday is received?
Maintain company or group integrity
What remains the method of choice of a candidate must describe how to improve performance with an existing procedure or explain a new procedure or device?
four step method
What are the four steps of the four step method?
Prepare
Present
Apply
Evaluate
When did the four method originate?
World War I
What was the four step method renamed to?
Job instruction training
What is the foundation of the work performed at the fire instructor one level
The four step method
What are three indicators that training is needed
Near Miss
Fire ground problem
Observed performance deficiency
How does a fire officer begin preparing for the four step method?
By obtaining the necessary materials and teaching aids
During a presentation, what allows the fire officer to stand topic and emphasize the important points to be addressed?
A lesson plan
Success of the application step of the four step method is achieved when the student can perform the task safely without what?
Any input from the supervisor
At which level of understanding does learning start?
Conscious incompetence
Active learning research recommends spending no more than 10 minutes presenting a formal lecture or video presentation because students lose focus after how many minutes of passive learning?
15 to 20
Psycho motor skills can be classified into what four categories
Initial
Plateau
Latency
Mastery
Which level of skill is demonstrated when a driver operator knows the main street and has a basic understanding of how the street grid and numbering system works
Initial
Which level of skill is demonstrated when a driver can drive to more than 85% of the streets in the companies response area without assistance from the officer?
Plateau
Which skill level is demonstrated when a driver can remember the route to an area of a district where the engine company has not had a response for several months?
Latency
Which level of skill is administrated when a driver can easily drive to any address in the district and knows at least two or three alternative routes to each area?
Mastery
What does a fire officer need to do to maintain Firefighters confidence in seldomly used skill set?
Provide enough repetition and simulations
What four federal regulations are covered as part of an emergency service training program?
Blood-borne pathogens(CFR 29)
Hazardous materials, awareness, and operations
SCBA fit testing
Incident management system, Homeland security directive five
A lesson plan satisfies what four criteria?
Organizes the lesson
Identifies key points
Can be reused
Allows other to teach the program
What is the first phase of the conflict management template?
Obtain as much information as possible about the problem
What should a fire officer focus on when dealing with an individual who is expressing a concern or a problem?
Active listening
Who provides a conflict resolution model that is an especially effective when emotions are high?
Michael Taigman
What are the four steps to the conflict resolution model when emotions are high??
Drain the emotional bubble
Understand the complaints of viewpoint
Help the complainant feel understood
Identify the complaint and expectations for resolutions
A 2015 study by firefighter behavioral health alliance reports that what percent of those surveyed contemplated suicide?
37%
10 times greater than the general population
One study found that what percentage of firefighters report binge drinking compared to 23% of males and the general population?
58%
What occurs when a person who experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with a traumatic event may experience, numbing, reduced awareness, depersonalization, realization, or amnesia?
Acute distress disorder
To get an acute stress disorder diagnosis the disorder must last for how long?
Minimum of three days and a maximum of four weeks
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you find the five E’s of prevention?
Step three - develop strategies and tactics to mitigate risks
What are the five E’s of prevention?
Education
Engineering
Enforcement
Economic incentives
Emergency response
The first three steps of developing a community risk reduction program comprise a what?
Risk assessment
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you identify an allocate needed resources??
Step five- implement the plan
In which step of a community risk reduction plan, would you seek input from Firefighters working with the fire officer and other public safety personnel, as well as suggestions from community groups, and people outside the fire department?
Step four - prepare the community risk production plan
What year was the community emergency response? Team concept developed and implemented by the Los Angeles fired department?
1985
The CERT participant hazard annex includes how many lesson plans for hazardous situations?
13
What type of customer expectation is described with the phrase? I called for an ambulance. Why did a firetruck respond?
Explicit
I expect that the fire will quickly be extinguished after the fire company arrives
Implicit
The jurisdictions annual report states an average response time of six minutes and 30 seconds. I expect it will take that long to get to my location after calling 911
Static performance
How the service evolves overtime/experience. After my last experience, drive me to the hospital instead of calling 911.
Dynamic
Why can’t fire department a speak to fire department be on the radio
Technological
Those firefighters were fantastic. They took care of the problem and were great at keeping my kids calm.
Interpersonal
I expect the fire department to restore the sprinkler heads that were activated in the fire
Situational
What do citizens frequently complain about?
Local government unresponsiveness
What should be used to develop and choose the best alternative evidence supporting the existence of a widespread problem has been obtained?
Conflict resolution model
What five disconnects did Bill Manning describe that our challenges of implementing the national fallen Firefighters foundation life safety initiatives
Culture change is viewed by some as a threat
Bad behaviors and attitudes are allowed to leach into what the membership sees as part of tradition
Safety and mission within the organizational cultures imbalanced
The voices of safety leadership are either subconsciously, muffled or consciously subdued
The lessons from behavioral safety science have not been embraced by fire service leaders, much less blended into everyday operations
What are the backbone of order for the fire department and every individual should understand
Policies
What can general tax revenues be spent for?
Any purpose that is within the authorized powers of the local government
What are the top three local tax revenue sources?
General sales and gross receipt taxes
Property taxes
Income taxes
What is a moral, mental, and physical state in which all ranks respond to the will of the leader
Discipline
What type of discipline is based on punishing inappropriate behavior or unacceptable performance?
Corrective discipline
Due to the nature of firefighting work, outstanding performance is recognized in what three ways?
Awards
Ribbons
Bonuses
What is one of the most effective strategies within the realm of positive discipline
Empowerment
What Are three ways of corrective discipline considered informal by many organizations
Oral reprimand
Warning
Admonishment
What type of maintenance is performed to reduce the wear and tear on devices, vehicles, and facilities is usually on a predetermined schedule?
Preventative maintenance
What type of maintenance is done to keep the item, vehicle, or fixed facility operational?
Corrective maintenance
What type of log should the company officer encourage every firefighter to diligently maintain?
Exposure log
What type of reports provide information that is related to fire department personnel, programs, equipment, and facilities?
Routine reports
Which report documents, the companies activity during the proceeding month?
Monthly activity and training report
Which type of report is required by state workers compensation agencies whenever an employee is injured?
Supervisors report
The supervisors report of injury must be submitted within what timeframe?
24 to 72 hours
Which NFPA outlines six considerations to take into account when completing a pre-incident plan?
1620
What four actions does the USF administration recommend to reduce arson and vacant and abandoned buildings?
Monitor
Secure
Inspect
Mark
How often will an incident action plan need to be developed according to Nims?
Every 12 hours
Who is usually the authority having jurisdiction for a state fire code?
Marshall
At the local level, fire and safety codes are enacted by adopting what?
Ordinance
Which NFPA is a model code document that contains requirements specifically related to protecting the lives of building occupants, covering detailed information on means of egress?
NFPA 101 life safety code
What documents are developed by standards developing organizations such as the national fire protection Association and made available for adoption by authorities having jurisdiction?
Model codes
How are model codes developed?
Through a consensus process using a network of technical committee
How often are model codes updated?
Every 3 to 5 years
After clarifying means of egress and access, what is the second reason for fire companies to perform inspections?
To check the status of the built-in fire protection features
The NFPA report US experience with sprinklers found that sprinklers operated effectively in what percent of all reported structure fires that were large enough to activate the sprinklers?
92%
When sprinklers were operated what percentage of the time were they effective?
96%
What type of sprinkler system is designed to reduce the risk of water damage due to accidental sprinkler discharge or a broken pipe?
A reaction system
During building surveys and inspections, you should pay particular attention to what?
The condition of the standpipe system
What type of fire production systems are preferred for protecting cooking equipment?
Wet chemical systems
What extinguishing agent was the agent of choice for fire protection and computer rooms and to protect electronic equipment from 1950 to 1990s?
Halon 1301
Halon 1301 is about ____ percent more efficient than carbon dioxide for extinguishing fires.
250%
What type of foam system is used to protect hazards involving flammable or combustible liquids
Low expansion foam system
What type of foam system is used in areas where the goal is to fill a large space with foam thereby excluding air from the area and smothering the fire?
High expansion foam system
Many of the code requirements that apply to a particular building or occupancy are based on what?
It’s classification
What three ways are buildings classified?
Construction type
Occupancy type
Use group
Which type of construction often uses compartmentation instead of fires sprinklers to control fire spread?
Type One construction
Type 2A structural frame is expected to resist a fire for how many hours?
One hour
Which type two construction is not expected to resist the effects of fire?
2B
Which type of construction is a common 20th century construction method and described as the 20 minute interior firefighting rule by Francis Branigan?
Type 2 construction
Type two construction is durable, but it’s not a legacy building and will require replacement and how many years?
30 to 40 years
In type three construction, the exterior loadbearing walls of the building are what material?
Non-combustible masonry
Type three construction is usually no higher than how many stories?
Four stories
Type 3A construction is expected to last how many hours under fire?
1 to 2 hours
What type of construction is as durable as a type one structure?
Type 4 construction, heavy temper
What type of structures are the most common?
Type five wood frame
What refers to the purpose for which a building or portion of a building is used or intended to be used?
Occupancy type
Code requirements of a building are determined by the structures what?
Use group
What type of occupancy is used for the purpose of medical or other treatment or for the care of four or more persons wear such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation due to age, physical or mental disability, or security measures not under the occupants control?
Institutional
Structures that do not fit neatly into a regular occupancy category should be placed into what category?
Miscellaneous
Less critical issues found during an inspection can be corrected within a reasonable time. Period. Generally, how many days?
30 to 90 days
What two things are equally important considerations in occupant an evacuations?
Exit signs and emergency lighting
What type of building fires are responsible for a higher than average number of fire fighter line of duty deaths?
Mercantile businesses
What is a prime concern when inspecting residential properties?
Preventing fires from igniting
What level of hazard are general purpose manufacturing facilities considered?
Low to moderate
Who must determine when to stop fire suppression or over alcohol operations as part of the effort to preserve evidence for the investigator?
The fire officer
Structural firefighting is a practice built on what two things?
Experience and experiments
IS 100
Introduction to incident command system
IS 200
ICS for single resources and initial action incident
IS 300
Immediate ICS for expanding incidents
IS 400
Advanced ICS command and general staff for complex incident
How many days is ICS 300 and 400?
Two days
IS 700
National incident management system introduction
IS 800
National response framework introduction
Which ICS training is for small incidents involving one or two resources?
IS 200
Which ICS training is designed for those who would function in a command or general staff position during a large or complex incident?
IS 300 intermediate ICS for expanding incidents
Which ICS training is a two day hands-on course that designed for those who would function as part of an area command, EEOC, or multi agency coordination system?
IS 400 advanced ICS command and general staff complex incident
What are the five components of Nims?
Preparedness
Communications
Resource management
Command and management
Ongoing management and maintenance
In medium to large scale incidents, the tactical level components would be called what?
Divisions, groups, or units
What a first arriving fire officer does in the first __ minutes of the incident dictates how the scene will run for the next hour.
Five minutes
According to the fire officer principles and practice book, what are the three options for initial operational modes??
Investigation
Fast attack
Command mode
What are the three immediate command functions?
Determination of strategy
Selecting incident tactics
Establishing and IAP
According to the rapid intervention team analysis performed by the Phoenix fire department, how many firefighters does it take to rescue one?
12
What type of fire is a typical modern day fire?
Ventilation limited
You can soften a target by applying how much water into the compartment and dramatically reduce fire development and improve conditions?
30 to 90 seconds
Legacy dwellings were built before what year?
1980
How much bigger are modern dwellings compared to legacy dwellings
Almost twice as large
What is one of the most significant factors in size up?
Visualization
What are the five steps in Lloyd Layman’s five size up process?
Facts
Probabilities
Situation
Decision
Plan of operation
Knowing whether the resources on scene and in route will be sufficient to handle the incident, knowing specific capabilities and limitations of the responding resources in relation to the problem, and the capabilities and limitations of the personnel based on training and experience are all part of which step of Lloyd Lehman’s size of process?
Situation
What are the three size up steps that the national fire Academy has developed?
Pre-incident information
Initial size up
Ongoing size up
What are the two major components to an IAP?
Determination of appropriate strategy
Development of tactics to execute the strategy
What helps guide the decision-making process and ensure consistency between officers and events?
SOP’s
What does slicer stand for?
Size up
Locate
Identify / control flow path
Cool space from the safest location
Extinguish the fire
Rescue
Salvage
When referencing slicers and cooling the space from the safest location, it has been shown that and initial application of __ to __ seconds of water into a compartment dramatically reduces heat within the flop path and improves occupant Survival.
30 to 60 seconds
NFPA reports that how many firefighters were killed in the line of duty in 2018?
64
Of the 64 firefighters that were killed in 2018 what was the largest share of death reason?
Over exertion, stress, medical
44%
What was the second leading cause of death of the 64 Firefighters in 2018?
Vehicle crashes
What percentage of the death caused by overexertion, stress, medical were cardiac related
89%
A hot zone is under the direct supervision of who and has an identified entry exit point?
Unit, branch, or group leader
29% of fire ground injuries were caused by what?
Overexertion/strain
What is the difference between an initial rapid intervention crew and a rapid intervention crew?
Two vs four members
What is the only reason command should be transferred?
To improve the quality of the command organization
What are the three types of control for managing risks?
Administrative
Engineering
Personal protection
What is the first of five steps for risk management?
Identify risk exposure
What is the fifth of five steps for risk management?
Evaluate and revise risk control actions
What percentage of fire ground injuries were strains and sprains?
48%
